Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo

Monde Godefroid; Walangululu Jean; Winter Stephan; Bragard Claude

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14

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Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo

Monde Godefroid, Walangululu Jean, Winter Stephan, Bragard Claude

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 26 December 2020 Accepted: 7 January 2021 Published: 15 January 2021

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Abstract

A molecular epidemiology study of cassava mosaic begomoviruses was conducted in Yangambi (DRCongo). 120 cassava fields were investigated in 150 Km circle around the Agricultural Research Centre of Yangambi in various agro-ecosystems. Fields incidence and severity of CMD were scored, and whiteflies population counted per plant. 140 Cassava leaves samples, up to 100 weeds (Fabaceae) supposed to be alternate hosts of CMBs and 132 adults whiteflies were collected in cassava fields for molecular analysis. Targeted genes by PCR using specific primers were AC2 and AC4, which are the genes implied in the suppression of cassava mechanism of defence. Phylogeographical analysis of results showed that the virus distribution is linked to the agro-ecosystems. Moderate ACMV and EACMV-UG isolates associated with mild symptoms grouped in separate clusters based on a phylogenetic analysis of genes AC2 & AC4. They were found in spatial discontinuous cassava cropping ecosystem lying in evergreen humid forest, and to a lesser extent, in permanent flood land and the deciduous high forest, where cassava crop is less intensive (disease severity 2.53±0.55). In the more intensively cropped areas around cities and villages and the neighbouring secondary forest, the severe isolates were limited to spatial continuous cropping systems (disease severity 3.78±0.50). Such results were also correlated with the mean number of whitefly per leaf or the incidence of disease. EACMV-UG isolates spread in the different ecosystems suggest multiple introductions of virus. Our study focused on the potential contribution of forest plants species diversity to mitigate the effect of CMD. The results showed also that CMD viruses are widely spread throughout the investigated area. Dual infection was common both in cassava (66%) and in whiteflies vectors (59%). The EACMV-UGSer was predominant, in relationship with highly infested fields.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14
Page(s)	20-28
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses, Biodiversity-Stability, Agro-ecosystems, Spatial Discontinuous Cropping, Spatial Continuous Cropping

References

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Monde Godefroid, Walangululu Jean, Winter Stephan, Bragard Claude. (2021). Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 9(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14

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ACS Style

Monde Godefroid; Walangululu Jean; Winter Stephan; Bragard Claude. Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo. Am. J. Agric. For. 2021, 9(1), 20-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14

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AMA Style

Monde Godefroid, Walangululu Jean, Winter Stephan, Bragard Claude. Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Agric For. 2021;9(1):20-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14,
  author = {Monde Godefroid and Walangululu Jean and Winter Stephan and Bragard Claude},
  title = {Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20210901.14},
  abstract = {A molecular epidemiology study of cassava mosaic begomoviruses was conducted in Yangambi (DRCongo). 120 cassava fields were investigated in 150 Km circle around the Agricultural Research Centre of Yangambi in various agro-ecosystems. Fields incidence and severity of CMD were scored, and whiteflies population counted per plant. 140 Cassava leaves samples, up to 100 weeds (Fabaceae) supposed to be alternate hosts of CMBs and 132 adults whiteflies were collected in cassava fields for molecular analysis. Targeted genes by PCR using specific primers were AC2 and AC4, which are the genes implied in the suppression of cassava mechanism of defence. Phylogeographical analysis of results showed that the virus distribution is linked to the agro-ecosystems. Moderate ACMV and EACMV-UG isolates associated with mild symptoms grouped in separate clusters based on a phylogenetic analysis of genes AC2 & AC4. They were found in spatial discontinuous cassava cropping ecosystem lying in evergreen humid forest, and to a lesser extent, in permanent flood land and the deciduous high forest, where cassava crop is less intensive (disease severity 2.53±0.55). In the more intensively cropped areas around cities and villages and the neighbouring secondary forest, the severe isolates were limited to spatial continuous cropping systems (disease severity 3.78±0.50). Such results were also correlated with the mean number of whitefly per leaf or the incidence of disease. EACMV-UG isolates spread in the different ecosystems suggest multiple introductions of virus. Our study focused on the potential contribution of forest plants species diversity to mitigate the effect of CMD. The results showed also that CMD viruses are widely spread throughout the investigated area. Dual infection was common both in cassava (66%) and in whiteflies vectors (59%). The EACMV-UGSer was predominant, in relationship with highly infested fields.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo
AU - Monde Godefroid
AU - Walangululu Jean
AU - Winter Stephan
AU - Bragard Claude
Y1 - 2021/01/15
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14
T2 - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP - 20
EP - 28
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8591
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14
AB - A molecular epidemiology study of cassava mosaic begomoviruses was conducted in Yangambi (DRCongo). 120 cassava fields were investigated in 150 Km circle around the Agricultural Research Centre of Yangambi in various agro-ecosystems. Fields incidence and severity of CMD were scored, and whiteflies population counted per plant. 140 Cassava leaves samples, up to 100 weeds (Fabaceae) supposed to be alternate hosts of CMBs and 132 adults whiteflies were collected in cassava fields for molecular analysis. Targeted genes by PCR using specific primers were AC2 and AC4, which are the genes implied in the suppression of cassava mechanism of defence. Phylogeographical analysis of results showed that the virus distribution is linked to the agro-ecosystems. Moderate ACMV and EACMV-UG isolates associated with mild symptoms grouped in separate clusters based on a phylogenetic analysis of genes AC2 & AC4. They were found in spatial discontinuous cassava cropping ecosystem lying in evergreen humid forest, and to a lesser extent, in permanent flood land and the deciduous high forest, where cassava crop is less intensive (disease severity 2.53±0.55). In the more intensively cropped areas around cities and villages and the neighbouring secondary forest, the severe isolates were limited to spatial continuous cropping systems (disease severity 3.78±0.50). Such results were also correlated with the mean number of whitefly per leaf or the incidence of disease. EACMV-UG isolates spread in the different ecosystems suggest multiple introductions of virus. Our study focused on the potential contribution of forest plants species diversity to mitigate the effect of CMD. The results showed also that CMD viruses are widely spread throughout the investigated area. Dual infection was common both in cassava (66%) and in whiteflies vectors (59%). The EACMV-UGSer was predominant, in relationship with highly infested fields.
VL - 9
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Monde Godefroid

Agriculture University of Yangambi, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
Walangululu Jean

Catholic University of Bukavu, Faculty of Agriculture, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Winter Stephan

Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkuturen DSMZ GmbH, Plant Virus Collection, Braunschweig, Germany
Bragard Claude

Catholic University of Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Applied Microbiology - Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

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Monde Godefroid, Walangululu Jean, Winter Stephan, Bragard Claude. (2021). Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 9(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14

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Monde Godefroid; Walangululu Jean; Winter Stephan; Bragard Claude. Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo. Am. J. Agric. For. 2021, 9(1), 20-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14

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AMA Style

Monde Godefroid, Walangululu Jean, Winter Stephan, Bragard Claude. Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Agric For. 2021;9(1):20-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14,
  author = {Monde Godefroid and Walangululu Jean and Winter Stephan and Bragard Claude},
  title = {Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210901.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20210901.14},
  abstract = {A molecular epidemiology study of cassava mosaic begomoviruses was conducted in Yangambi (DRCongo). 120 cassava fields were investigated in 150 Km circle around the Agricultural Research Centre of Yangambi in various agro-ecosystems. Fields incidence and severity of CMD were scored, and whiteflies population counted per plant. 140 Cassava leaves samples, up to 100 weeds (Fabaceae) supposed to be alternate hosts of CMBs and 132 adults whiteflies were collected in cassava fields for molecular analysis. Targeted genes by PCR using specific primers were AC2 and AC4, which are the genes implied in the suppression of cassava mechanism of defence. Phylogeographical analysis of results showed that the virus distribution is linked to the agro-ecosystems. Moderate ACMV and EACMV-UG isolates associated with mild symptoms grouped in separate clusters based on a phylogenetic analysis of genes AC2 & AC4. They were found in spatial discontinuous cassava cropping ecosystem lying in evergreen humid forest, and to a lesser extent, in permanent flood land and the deciduous high forest, where cassava crop is less intensive (disease severity 2.53±0.55). In the more intensively cropped areas around cities and villages and the neighbouring secondary forest, the severe isolates were limited to spatial continuous cropping systems (disease severity 3.78±0.50). Such results were also correlated with the mean number of whitefly per leaf or the incidence of disease. EACMV-UG isolates spread in the different ecosystems suggest multiple introductions of virus. Our study focused on the potential contribution of forest plants species diversity to mitigate the effect of CMD. The results showed also that CMD viruses are widely spread throughout the investigated area. Dual infection was common both in cassava (66%) and in whiteflies vectors (59%). The EACMV-UGSer was predominant, in relationship with highly infested fields.},
 year = {2021}
}

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