Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (<i>Coffea arabica</i> L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia

Meseret Degefa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15

| Peer-Reviewed

Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia

Meseret Degefa

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 9, Issue 6)

Received: 1 September 2021 Accepted: 1 November 2021 Published: 19 November 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Ethiopia is the homeland and center of genetic diversity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae). Although Ethiopia is known as a primary center for Coffea arabica diversity. Identification and characterization of coffee accessions in the base population is important in order to a successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources. Getting more information on genetic variability is a prerequisite for further improvement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). A field experiment was conducted at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-Center, Ethiopia, to study the magnitude of phenotypic diversity among southern coffee (Coffea arabica L.) germplasm accessions based on qualitative traits. A total of 104 entries consisting of 100 accessions from southern parts of Ethiopia and four standard cultivars were evaluated using augmented design with five blocks. The main objective of the study was to assess morphological variation among germplasm based on phenotypic qualitative characters. Estimates of frequency distribution and Shannon Index based on 13 qualitative traits revealed the existence of genetic variability among 104 coffee germplasm. The highest diversity index (H’) was found for the growth habit followed by the angle of insertion of the primary branches, leaf shape, stipule shape, fruit shape, fruit ribs, fruit color, leaf apex shape, leaf tip color and stem habit. The phenotypic similarities of 104 coffee genotypes were assessed by average linkage methods of cluster analysis using 13 qualitative traits with proc cluster of SAS. Based on the result of this analysis the coffee accessions were classified into five clusters with cluster-I was the largest and consisted of 66 accessions (63.46%) followed by cluster-II consisted of 12 accessions (11.54%), cluster-III consisted of 24 accessions (23.08%), cluster-IV and cluster V consisted of 01 accessions for each (0.96% for each). Thus, there is a chance to develop hybrid vigor through crossing diverged parents found in a different cluster. Generally, the present study revealed the existence of immense genetic variability among coffee germplasm for various important morphological qualitative traits. Hence, there is an opportunity to exploit these traits to improve genotypes that perform better than the existing varieties for the upcoming coffee improvement program.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15
Page(s)	358-365
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coffea arabica, Genetic Variability, Cluster Analysis, Shannon Index, Qualitative Traits, Frequency Distribution

References

[1]	Abdi Adem. (2009). Agro-morphological characterization of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) landrace collected from Mesela, West Harerge, Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis Submitted to Graduate Studies of Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. 88 pp.
[2]	ACE, (Adulina Coffee Exporter) (2018). http://www.adulinacoffee.org/coffeeceremony.html.
[3]	Barbosa, A. M. M., Geraldi, L. L. Benchimol, A. A. F. Gracia, C. L. Souza Jr. and A. P. Souza, (2003). Relationship of intra- and inter-population tropical maize single cross hybrid performance and genetic distances computed from AFLP and SSR markers. Euphytica 130: 87-99.
[4]	Berthaud J, Charrier A (1988) Genetic resources of Coffea. In: Clarke R J, Macrae R (eds), Coffee: Agronomy, vol. IV, pp. 1-42. Elsevier Applied Science, London.
[5]	Bunn, Ch. (2015). Modeling the climate change impacts on global coffee production. Dissertation for the completion of the academic degree Doctor rerum agriculturarum submitted to the faculty of Life Sciences at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. P. 196.
[6]	Central statistic Agency. (2017). Agricultural sample survey, Addis Ababa.
[7]	Davis AP, Gole TW, Baena S, Moat J. (2012). The impact of climate change on natural populations of Arabica coffee: Predicting future trends and identifying priorities. PLoSONE, 7 (11): e47981.
[8]	EndaleTaye, BehailuWeledesenbet, BayettaBellachew and FabriceDavrieux (2008). Effects of genotypes and fruit maturity stage on caffeine and other biochemical constituents of arabica coffee. In: Proceedings of a National Work Shop Four Decades of Coffee Research and Development in Ethiopia. 14-17 August 2007, EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 169-172.
[9]	Ermias Habte (2005). Evaluation of Wellega coffee germplasm for yield, yield components and resistance to coffee berry disease at early bearing stage. M.Sc. Thesis Submitted to Graduate Studies of Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. 69. pp.
[10]	Getachew WeldeMichael, Sentayehu Alamerew, Taye Kufa and Tadesse Benti, (2013). Genetic Diversity Analysis of Some Ethiopian Specialty Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm Accessions Based on Morphological Traits Time Journals of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 1 (4): 47-54.
[11]	Gizachew Atinafu, Hussien Mohammed and Taye Kufa (2017). Genetic Variability of Sidama Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Landrace for Agro-morphological Traits at Awada, Southern Ethiopia. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research. Vol. 5 (4), pp. 263-275, DOI: 10.14662/ARJASR2017.025 ISSN: 2360-7874 http://www.academicresearchjournals.org/ARJASR/Index.htm
[12]	Gole, T. W., Denich, M. Teketay, D. and Borsch, T. (2001). Diversity of traditional coffee production systems in Ethiopia and their contributions to the conservation of coffee genetic diversity. Conference on International Agricultural Research for Developpment. DeutscherTropentag, Bonn, 9-11 October.
[13]	Gray, Q., Tefera, A., and Tefera, T., (2013). Coffee Annual Report. GAIN Report No. ET 1302. Coffee Exporter http://www.adulinacoffee.org/coffeeceremony.html.
[14]	Hennink, S. & Zeven, A. C. (1991). The interpretation of Nei and Shannon-Weaver within population variation indices. Euphytica 51: 235-240.
[15]	ICO (International Coffee Organization), (2016). http//www.ico/org/trade_statistic.asp.
[16]	IPGRI, (1996). Description for coffee (Coffea sp. and Psilanthus sp.). International Plant Genetic Resource Institute, Rome.
[17]	Jain, S. K., Qualset, C. O., Bhatt, G. M. and Wu, K. K. (1975). Geographical patterns of phenotypic diversity in a world collection of durum wheat. Crop science 15: 700-704.
[18]	Kassahun Tesfaye, Tamiru Oljira, Kim Govers, Endeshaw Bekele and Thomas Borsch, (2008). Genetic diversity and population structure of wild Coffea arabica population in Ethiopia using molecular markers. pp 35-44. In: Girma Adugna, Bayetta Belachew, Tesfaye Shimber, Endale Taye and Taye Kufa (eds.). Coffee Diversity and Knowledge. Proceedings of a National Workshop Four Decades of Coffee Research and Development in Ethiopia, 14-17 August 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[19]	Labouisse, J. P., B. Bellachew, S. Kotecha and B. Bertrand, (2008). Current status of coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) genetic resources in Ethiopia: Implications for conservation. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., 55: 1079-1093.
[20]	Mesfin Kebede and Bayeta Bellachew, (2008). Multi variate analysis phenotypic diversity of (Coffea arabica L) In: Girma Adugna, Bayetta Belachew, Tesfaye Shimber, Endale Taye and Taye Kufa (eds.). Coffee Diversity and Knowledge. Proceedings of a National Workshop Four Decades of Coffee Research and Development in Ethiopia, 14-17 August 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[21]	Olika Kitila, Sentayehu Alamerew, Taye Kufa and Weyessa Garedew. (2011). Variability of quantitative Traits in Limmu Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 6: 482-493.
[22]	Peeters, L. P. and Martinelli, J. A. (1989). Hierarchical cluster analysis as a tool to manage variation in germplasm collections. Theoretical Applied Genetics 78: 42-48.
[23]	Tadese Benti (2017). Progress in Arabica Coffee Breeding in Ethiopia: Achievement, Challenges and prospects. International Journal of Science: Basic and Applied Research, 33: 15-25.
[24]	Taye Kufa (2010). Environmental sustainability and coffee diversity in Africa. Paper presented in the ICO World Coffee Conference, 26-28 February 2010, Guatemala City.
[25]	Woldemariam G, Manfred D, Demel T, Paul L (2002). Human impact on coffee Arabica gene pool in Ethiopia and the need for its insitu conservation.
[26]	Yigzaw Dessalegn (2005). Assessment of cup quality, morphological, biochemical and molecular diversity of Coffea arabica L. genotypes of Ethiopia. PhD. Thesis, University Free State. 197 pp.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Meseret Degefa. (2021). Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 9(6), 358-365. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Meseret Degefa. Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia. Am. J. Agric. For. 2021, 9(6), 358-365. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Meseret Degefa. Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia. Am J Agric For. 2021;9(6):358-365. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15,
  author = {Meseret Degefa},
  title = {Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {358-365},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20210906.15},
  abstract = {Ethiopia is the homeland and center of genetic diversity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae). Although Ethiopia is known as a primary center for Coffea arabica diversity. Identification and characterization of coffee accessions in the base population is important in order to a successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources. Getting more information on genetic variability is a prerequisite for further improvement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). A field experiment was conducted at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-Center, Ethiopia, to study the magnitude of phenotypic diversity among southern coffee (Coffea arabica L.) germplasm accessions based on qualitative traits. A total of 104 entries consisting of 100 accessions from southern parts of Ethiopia and four standard cultivars were evaluated using augmented design with five blocks. The main objective of the study was to assess morphological variation among germplasm based on phenotypic qualitative characters. Estimates of frequency distribution and Shannon Index based on 13 qualitative traits revealed the existence of genetic variability among 104 coffee germplasm. The highest diversity index (H’) was found for the growth habit followed by the angle of insertion of the primary branches, leaf shape, stipule shape, fruit shape, fruit ribs, fruit color, leaf apex shape, leaf tip color and stem habit. The phenotypic similarities of 104 coffee genotypes were assessed by average linkage methods of cluster analysis using 13 qualitative traits with proc cluster of SAS. Based on the result of this analysis the coffee accessions were classified into five clusters with cluster-I was the largest and consisted of 66 accessions (63.46%) followed by cluster-II consisted of 12 accessions (11.54%), cluster-III consisted of 24 accessions (23.08%), cluster-IV and cluster V consisted of 01 accessions for each (0.96% for each). Thus, there is a chance to develop hybrid vigor through crossing diverged parents found in a different cluster. Generally, the present study revealed the existence of immense genetic variability among coffee germplasm for various important morphological qualitative traits. Hence, there is an opportunity to exploit these traits to improve genotypes that perform better than the existing varieties for the upcoming coffee improvement program.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia
AU  - Meseret Degefa
Y1  - 2021/11/19
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 358
EP  - 365
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15
AB  - Ethiopia is the homeland and center of genetic diversity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae). Although Ethiopia is known as a primary center for Coffea arabica diversity. Identification and characterization of coffee accessions in the base population is important in order to a successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources. Getting more information on genetic variability is a prerequisite for further improvement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). A field experiment was conducted at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-Center, Ethiopia, to study the magnitude of phenotypic diversity among southern coffee (Coffea arabica L.) germplasm accessions based on qualitative traits. A total of 104 entries consisting of 100 accessions from southern parts of Ethiopia and four standard cultivars were evaluated using augmented design with five blocks. The main objective of the study was to assess morphological variation among germplasm based on phenotypic qualitative characters. Estimates of frequency distribution and Shannon Index based on 13 qualitative traits revealed the existence of genetic variability among 104 coffee germplasm. The highest diversity index (H’) was found for the growth habit followed by the angle of insertion of the primary branches, leaf shape, stipule shape, fruit shape, fruit ribs, fruit color, leaf apex shape, leaf tip color and stem habit. The phenotypic similarities of 104 coffee genotypes were assessed by average linkage methods of cluster analysis using 13 qualitative traits with proc cluster of SAS. Based on the result of this analysis the coffee accessions were classified into five clusters with cluster-I was the largest and consisted of 66 accessions (63.46%) followed by cluster-II consisted of 12 accessions (11.54%), cluster-III consisted of 24 accessions (23.08%), cluster-IV and cluster V consisted of 01 accessions for each (0.96% for each). Thus, there is a chance to develop hybrid vigor through crossing diverged parents found in a different cluster. Generally, the present study revealed the existence of immense genetic variability among coffee germplasm for various important morphological qualitative traits. Hence, there is an opportunity to exploit these traits to improve genotypes that perform better than the existing varieties for the upcoming coffee improvement program.
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Meseret Degefa

Awada Agricultural Research Sub-Centre, Yirgalema, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Meseret Degefa. (2021). Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 9(6), 358-365. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Meseret Degefa. Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia. Am. J. Agric. For. 2021, 9(6), 358-365. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Meseret Degefa. Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia. Am J Agric For. 2021;9(6):358-365. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15,
  author = {Meseret Degefa},
  title = {Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {358-365},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20210906.15},
  abstract = {Ethiopia is the homeland and center of genetic diversity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae). Although Ethiopia is known as a primary center for Coffea arabica diversity. Identification and characterization of coffee accessions in the base population is important in order to a successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources. Getting more information on genetic variability is a prerequisite for further improvement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). A field experiment was conducted at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-Center, Ethiopia, to study the magnitude of phenotypic diversity among southern coffee (Coffea arabica L.) germplasm accessions based on qualitative traits. A total of 104 entries consisting of 100 accessions from southern parts of Ethiopia and four standard cultivars were evaluated using augmented design with five blocks. The main objective of the study was to assess morphological variation among germplasm based on phenotypic qualitative characters. Estimates of frequency distribution and Shannon Index based on 13 qualitative traits revealed the existence of genetic variability among 104 coffee germplasm. The highest diversity index (H’) was found for the growth habit followed by the angle of insertion of the primary branches, leaf shape, stipule shape, fruit shape, fruit ribs, fruit color, leaf apex shape, leaf tip color and stem habit. The phenotypic similarities of 104 coffee genotypes were assessed by average linkage methods of cluster analysis using 13 qualitative traits with proc cluster of SAS. Based on the result of this analysis the coffee accessions were classified into five clusters with cluster-I was the largest and consisted of 66 accessions (63.46%) followed by cluster-II consisted of 12 accessions (11.54%), cluster-III consisted of 24 accessions (23.08%), cluster-IV and cluster V consisted of 01 accessions for each (0.96% for each). Thus, there is a chance to develop hybrid vigor through crossing diverged parents found in a different cluster. Generally, the present study revealed the existence of immense genetic variability among coffee germplasm for various important morphological qualitative traits. Hence, there is an opportunity to exploit these traits to improve genotypes that perform better than the existing varieties for the upcoming coffee improvement program.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phenotypic Classification of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm in Southern Ethiopia
AU  - Meseret Degefa
Y1  - 2021/11/19
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 358
EP  - 365
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.15
AB  - Ethiopia is the homeland and center of genetic diversity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae). Although Ethiopia is known as a primary center for Coffea arabica diversity. Identification and characterization of coffee accessions in the base population is important in order to a successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources. Getting more information on genetic variability is a prerequisite for further improvement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). A field experiment was conducted at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-Center, Ethiopia, to study the magnitude of phenotypic diversity among southern coffee (Coffea arabica L.) germplasm accessions based on qualitative traits. A total of 104 entries consisting of 100 accessions from southern parts of Ethiopia and four standard cultivars were evaluated using augmented design with five blocks. The main objective of the study was to assess morphological variation among germplasm based on phenotypic qualitative characters. Estimates of frequency distribution and Shannon Index based on 13 qualitative traits revealed the existence of genetic variability among 104 coffee germplasm. The highest diversity index (H’) was found for the growth habit followed by the angle of insertion of the primary branches, leaf shape, stipule shape, fruit shape, fruit ribs, fruit color, leaf apex shape, leaf tip color and stem habit. The phenotypic similarities of 104 coffee genotypes were assessed by average linkage methods of cluster analysis using 13 qualitative traits with proc cluster of SAS. Based on the result of this analysis the coffee accessions were classified into five clusters with cluster-I was the largest and consisted of 66 accessions (63.46%) followed by cluster-II consisted of 12 accessions (11.54%), cluster-III consisted of 24 accessions (23.08%), cluster-IV and cluster V consisted of 01 accessions for each (0.96% for each). Thus, there is a chance to develop hybrid vigor through crossing diverged parents found in a different cluster. Generally, the present study revealed the existence of immense genetic variability among coffee germplasm for various important morphological qualitative traits. Hence, there is an opportunity to exploit these traits to improve genotypes that perform better than the existing varieties for the upcoming coffee improvement program.
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download