Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia

Chalwe Able; Melis Rob; Shanahan Paul; Chiona Martin; Sakumona Mushekwa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16

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Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia

Chalwe Able, Melis Rob, Shanahan Paul, Chiona Martin, Sakumona Mushekwa

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 11, Issue 3)

Received: 30 May 2023 Accepted: 19 June 2023 Published: 27 June 2023

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Abstract

Cassava genotypes that combine earliness with prolonged underground storability are most preferred for food security under subsistence farming. However, the long growth cycle of cassava coupled with the delayed harvesting by local farmers in Zambia exposes the crop to cassava green mite (CGM) attack which contributes to instability in yield performances of cassava. Various plant morphological traits have been recognized as direct or indirect defense mechanisms that enhance host plant resistance (HPR) to CGM. However, little research has been done to understand the stability of such traits despite their potential impact on the durability of HPR. With this background, field trials, involving sequential harvesting of cassava at 9, 12, and 15 months after planting (MAP) were conducted for two seasons. The objective of the study was to understand the variability of the indirect plant defense mechanisms, and how the interactions of genetic factors with crop age and season influence the expression of these vital traits. The genotype stability index was computed for each genotype for CGM population density and leaf damage, leaf retention, stay green, and apical leaf pubescence. There were highly significant differences among genotypes at different sampling dates for all the traits studied. Genotypes TMS 4 (2) 1425, L9.304/175, and L9.304/147 exhibited high intra-season and inter-season stability for low CGM-induced leaf damage. Genotypes Kapeza, Bangweulu and I60/42 exhibited a tolerance mechanism towards CGM. Two of these genotypes L9.304/175, and TMS 4 (2) 1425 also combined high intra-season and inter-season stability for increased leaf retention and apical leaf pubescence, while Kapeza and Bangweulu combined high inter-season stability for increased stay green and leaf retention. Genotypes that combined intra- and inter-season stability for both Low CGM population density and low CGM-induced leaf damage were also identified.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16
Page(s)	112-118
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mononychellus tanajoa, Host-Plant Resistance, Stability, Intra-Season, Inter-Season

References

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[24]	Raji, A., O. Ladeinde, and A. Dixon. 2008. Screening landraces for additional sources of field resistance to cassava mosaic disease and green mite for integration into the cassava improvement programme. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 50: 311-318.
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[28]	Yaninek, J. S., H. R. Herren, and A. P. Gutierrez. 1986. The biological basis of the seasonal outbreak of cassava green mites in Africa. Insect Science Applications 8: 861-865.
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APA Style

Chalwe Able, Melis Rob, Shanahan Paul, Chiona Martin, Sakumona Mushekwa. (2023). Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 11(3), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16

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ACS Style

Chalwe Able; Melis Rob; Shanahan Paul; Chiona Martin; Sakumona Mushekwa. Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia. Am. J. Agric. For. 2023, 11(3), 112-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16

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AMA Style

Chalwe Able, Melis Rob, Shanahan Paul, Chiona Martin, Sakumona Mushekwa. Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia. Am J Agric For. 2023;11(3):112-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16,
  author = {Chalwe Able and Melis Rob and Shanahan Paul and Chiona Martin and Sakumona Mushekwa},
  title = {Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {112-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20231103.16},
  abstract = {Cassava genotypes that combine earliness with prolonged underground storability are most preferred for food security under subsistence farming. However, the long growth cycle of cassava coupled with the delayed harvesting by local farmers in Zambia exposes the crop to cassava green mite (CGM) attack which contributes to instability in yield performances of cassava. Various plant morphological traits have been recognized as direct or indirect defense mechanisms that enhance host plant resistance (HPR) to CGM. However, little research has been done to understand the stability of such traits despite their potential impact on the durability of HPR. With this background, field trials, involving sequential harvesting of cassava at 9, 12, and 15 months after planting (MAP) were conducted for two seasons. The objective of the study was to understand the variability of the indirect plant defense mechanisms, and how the interactions of genetic factors with crop age and season influence the expression of these vital traits. The genotype stability index was computed for each genotype for CGM population density and leaf damage, leaf retention, stay green, and apical leaf pubescence. There were highly significant differences among genotypes at different sampling dates for all the traits studied. Genotypes TMS 4 (2) 1425, L9.304/175, and L9.304/147 exhibited high intra-season and inter-season stability for low CGM-induced leaf damage. Genotypes Kapeza, Bangweulu and I60/42 exhibited a tolerance mechanism towards CGM. Two of these genotypes L9.304/175, and TMS 4 (2) 1425 also combined high intra-season and inter-season stability for increased leaf retention and apical leaf pubescence, while Kapeza and Bangweulu combined high inter-season stability for increased stay green and leaf retention. Genotypes that combined intra- and inter-season stability for both Low CGM population density and low CGM-induced leaf damage were also identified.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia
AU  - Chalwe Able
AU  - Melis Rob
AU  - Shanahan Paul
AU  - Chiona Martin
AU  - Sakumona Mushekwa
Y1  - 2023/06/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 112
EP  - 118
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16
AB  - Cassava genotypes that combine earliness with prolonged underground storability are most preferred for food security under subsistence farming. However, the long growth cycle of cassava coupled with the delayed harvesting by local farmers in Zambia exposes the crop to cassava green mite (CGM) attack which contributes to instability in yield performances of cassava. Various plant morphological traits have been recognized as direct or indirect defense mechanisms that enhance host plant resistance (HPR) to CGM. However, little research has been done to understand the stability of such traits despite their potential impact on the durability of HPR. With this background, field trials, involving sequential harvesting of cassava at 9, 12, and 15 months after planting (MAP) were conducted for two seasons. The objective of the study was to understand the variability of the indirect plant defense mechanisms, and how the interactions of genetic factors with crop age and season influence the expression of these vital traits. The genotype stability index was computed for each genotype for CGM population density and leaf damage, leaf retention, stay green, and apical leaf pubescence. There were highly significant differences among genotypes at different sampling dates for all the traits studied. Genotypes TMS 4 (2) 1425, L9.304/175, and L9.304/147 exhibited high intra-season and inter-season stability for low CGM-induced leaf damage. Genotypes Kapeza, Bangweulu and I60/42 exhibited a tolerance mechanism towards CGM. Two of these genotypes L9.304/175, and TMS 4 (2) 1425 also combined high intra-season and inter-season stability for increased leaf retention and apical leaf pubescence, while Kapeza and Bangweulu combined high inter-season stability for increased stay green and leaf retention. Genotypes that combined intra- and inter-season stability for both Low CGM population density and low CGM-induced leaf damage were also identified.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Chalwe Able

Department of Agriculture Science, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Mukuba University, Kitwe, Zambia
Melis Rob

African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Shanahan Paul

African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Chiona Martin

Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Mansa Research Station, Mansa, Zambia
Sakumona Mushekwa

Department of Agriculture Science, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Mukuba University, Kitwe, Zambia

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APA Style

Chalwe Able, Melis Rob, Shanahan Paul, Chiona Martin, Sakumona Mushekwa. (2023). Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 11(3), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16

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ACS Style

Chalwe Able; Melis Rob; Shanahan Paul; Chiona Martin; Sakumona Mushekwa. Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia. Am. J. Agric. For. 2023, 11(3), 112-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16

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AMA Style

Chalwe Able, Melis Rob, Shanahan Paul, Chiona Martin, Sakumona Mushekwa. Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia. Am J Agric For. 2023;11(3):112-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16,
  author = {Chalwe Able and Melis Rob and Shanahan Paul and Chiona Martin and Sakumona Mushekwa},
  title = {Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {112-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20231103.16},
  abstract = {Cassava genotypes that combine earliness with prolonged underground storability are most preferred for food security under subsistence farming. However, the long growth cycle of cassava coupled with the delayed harvesting by local farmers in Zambia exposes the crop to cassava green mite (CGM) attack which contributes to instability in yield performances of cassava. Various plant morphological traits have been recognized as direct or indirect defense mechanisms that enhance host plant resistance (HPR) to CGM. However, little research has been done to understand the stability of such traits despite their potential impact on the durability of HPR. With this background, field trials, involving sequential harvesting of cassava at 9, 12, and 15 months after planting (MAP) were conducted for two seasons. The objective of the study was to understand the variability of the indirect plant defense mechanisms, and how the interactions of genetic factors with crop age and season influence the expression of these vital traits. The genotype stability index was computed for each genotype for CGM population density and leaf damage, leaf retention, stay green, and apical leaf pubescence. There were highly significant differences among genotypes at different sampling dates for all the traits studied. Genotypes TMS 4 (2) 1425, L9.304/175, and L9.304/147 exhibited high intra-season and inter-season stability for low CGM-induced leaf damage. Genotypes Kapeza, Bangweulu and I60/42 exhibited a tolerance mechanism towards CGM. Two of these genotypes L9.304/175, and TMS 4 (2) 1425 also combined high intra-season and inter-season stability for increased leaf retention and apical leaf pubescence, while Kapeza and Bangweulu combined high inter-season stability for increased stay green and leaf retention. Genotypes that combined intra- and inter-season stability for both Low CGM population density and low CGM-induced leaf damage were also identified.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Intra- and Inter-Season Stability of Cassava Plant Morphological Traits Associated with Host-Plant Resistance Against Cassava Green Mite in Zambia
AU  - Chalwe Able
AU  - Melis Rob
AU  - Shanahan Paul
AU  - Chiona Martin
AU  - Sakumona Mushekwa
Y1  - 2023/06/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 112
EP  - 118
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231103.16
AB  - Cassava genotypes that combine earliness with prolonged underground storability are most preferred for food security under subsistence farming. However, the long growth cycle of cassava coupled with the delayed harvesting by local farmers in Zambia exposes the crop to cassava green mite (CGM) attack which contributes to instability in yield performances of cassava. Various plant morphological traits have been recognized as direct or indirect defense mechanisms that enhance host plant resistance (HPR) to CGM. However, little research has been done to understand the stability of such traits despite their potential impact on the durability of HPR. With this background, field trials, involving sequential harvesting of cassava at 9, 12, and 15 months after planting (MAP) were conducted for two seasons. The objective of the study was to understand the variability of the indirect plant defense mechanisms, and how the interactions of genetic factors with crop age and season influence the expression of these vital traits. The genotype stability index was computed for each genotype for CGM population density and leaf damage, leaf retention, stay green, and apical leaf pubescence. There were highly significant differences among genotypes at different sampling dates for all the traits studied. Genotypes TMS 4 (2) 1425, L9.304/175, and L9.304/147 exhibited high intra-season and inter-season stability for low CGM-induced leaf damage. Genotypes Kapeza, Bangweulu and I60/42 exhibited a tolerance mechanism towards CGM. Two of these genotypes L9.304/175, and TMS 4 (2) 1425 also combined high intra-season and inter-season stability for increased leaf retention and apical leaf pubescence, while Kapeza and Bangweulu combined high inter-season stability for increased stay green and leaf retention. Genotypes that combined intra- and inter-season stability for both Low CGM population density and low CGM-induced leaf damage were also identified.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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