Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) in Cameroon

Afui Mathias Mih; Tonjock Rosemary Kinge

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16

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Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon

Afui Mathias Mih, Tonjock Rosemary Kinge

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 6 October 2015 Accepted: 16 October 2015 Published: 28 October 2015

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Abstract

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by species of Ganoderma { XE "Ganoderma"}is of immense importance in oil palm production. Although much is known on the occurrence of this devastating disease, fundamental studies on the ecology in oil palm in plantations are rather limited. This study sought to determine the incidence, severity, distribution and spread pattern of BSR disease in oil palm plantations and relate disease parameters to climatic and edaphic factors. Surveys were carried out for two years on two–hectare plots in each of five oil palm estates of the Cameroon Development Corporation. Data for disease incidence and severity in each estate were recorded. Disease spread patterns were generated from Arc GIS version 9.3 using GIS coordinates of diseased plants. A correlation between disease parameters and soil physicochemical properties and multivariate analyses were done. Typical BSR disease symptoms were observed including unopened spear leaves, skirt–like appearance of leaves, basidiocarp formation, bole creation and death of the palm. The disease incidence ranged from 5.4% in 16-year old palms at Bota to 39.0% in palms of the same age in Mungo were about 50% of infected plants had extreme severe symptoms. Although principal component analysis showed that six soil properties account for variation in BSR disease incidence and severity, only fine sand content was positively correlated (P≤0.05) with disease incidence and severity, while C/N ratio was negatively correlated. This study has established the occurrence and spread of basal stem rot disease in five oil palm plantations in South Western Cameroon.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16
Page(s)	208-215
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Epidemiology, Incidence, Severity, Spread Pattern, Ganoderma

References

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APA Style

Afui Mathias Mih, Tonjock Rosemary Kinge. (2015). Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 3(5), 208-215. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16

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ACS Style

Afui Mathias Mih; Tonjock Rosemary Kinge. Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon. Am. J. Agric. For. 2015, 3(5), 208-215. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16

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AMA Style

Afui Mathias Mih, Tonjock Rosemary Kinge. Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon. Am J Agric For. 2015;3(5):208-215. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16,
  author = {Afui Mathias Mih and Tonjock Rosemary Kinge},
  title = {Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {208-215},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20150305.16},
  abstract = {Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by species of Ganoderma { XE "Ganoderma"}is of immense importance in oil palm production. Although much is known on the occurrence of this devastating disease, fundamental studies on the ecology in oil palm in plantations are rather limited. This study sought to determine the incidence, severity, distribution and spread pattern of BSR disease in oil palm plantations and relate disease parameters to climatic and edaphic factors. Surveys were carried out for two years on two–hectare plots in each of five oil palm estates of the Cameroon Development Corporation. Data for disease incidence and severity in each estate were recorded. Disease spread patterns were generated from Arc GIS version 9.3 using GIS coordinates of diseased plants. A correlation between disease parameters and soil physicochemical properties and multivariate analyses were done. Typical BSR disease symptoms were observed including unopened spear leaves, skirt–like appearance of leaves, basidiocarp formation, bole creation and death of the palm. The disease incidence ranged from 5.4% in 16-year old palms at Bota to 39.0% in palms of the same age in Mungo were about 50% of infected plants had extreme severe symptoms. Although principal component analysis showed that six soil properties account for variation in BSR disease incidence and severity, only fine sand content was positively correlated (P≤0.05) with disease incidence and severity, while C/N ratio was negatively correlated. This study has established the occurrence and spread of basal stem rot disease in five oil palm plantations in South Western Cameroon.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon
AU  - Afui Mathias Mih
AU  - Tonjock Rosemary Kinge
Y1  - 2015/10/28
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 208
EP  - 215
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16
AB  - Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by species of Ganoderma { XE "Ganoderma"}is of immense importance in oil palm production. Although much is known on the occurrence of this devastating disease, fundamental studies on the ecology in oil palm in plantations are rather limited. This study sought to determine the incidence, severity, distribution and spread pattern of BSR disease in oil palm plantations and relate disease parameters to climatic and edaphic factors. Surveys were carried out for two years on two–hectare plots in each of five oil palm estates of the Cameroon Development Corporation. Data for disease incidence and severity in each estate were recorded. Disease spread patterns were generated from Arc GIS version 9.3 using GIS coordinates of diseased plants. A correlation between disease parameters and soil physicochemical properties and multivariate analyses were done. Typical BSR disease symptoms were observed including unopened spear leaves, skirt–like appearance of leaves, basidiocarp formation, bole creation and death of the palm. The disease incidence ranged from 5.4% in 16-year old palms at Bota to 39.0% in palms of the same age in Mungo were about 50% of infected plants had extreme severe symptoms. Although principal component analysis showed that six soil properties account for variation in BSR disease incidence and severity, only fine sand content was positively correlated (P≤0.05) with disease incidence and severity, while C/N ratio was negatively correlated. This study has established the occurrence and spread of basal stem rot disease in five oil palm plantations in South Western Cameroon.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Afui Mathias Mih

Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
Tonjock Rosemary Kinge

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon

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APA Style

Afui Mathias Mih, Tonjock Rosemary Kinge. (2015). Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 3(5), 208-215. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16

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ACS Style

Afui Mathias Mih; Tonjock Rosemary Kinge. Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon. Am. J. Agric. For. 2015, 3(5), 208-215. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16

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AMA Style

Afui Mathias Mih, Tonjock Rosemary Kinge. Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon. Am J Agric For. 2015;3(5):208-215. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16,
  author = {Afui Mathias Mih and Tonjock Rosemary Kinge},
  title = {Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {208-215},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20150305.16},
  abstract = {Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by species of Ganoderma { XE "Ganoderma"}is of immense importance in oil palm production. Although much is known on the occurrence of this devastating disease, fundamental studies on the ecology in oil palm in plantations are rather limited. This study sought to determine the incidence, severity, distribution and spread pattern of BSR disease in oil palm plantations and relate disease parameters to climatic and edaphic factors. Surveys were carried out for two years on two–hectare plots in each of five oil palm estates of the Cameroon Development Corporation. Data for disease incidence and severity in each estate were recorded. Disease spread patterns were generated from Arc GIS version 9.3 using GIS coordinates of diseased plants. A correlation between disease parameters and soil physicochemical properties and multivariate analyses were done. Typical BSR disease symptoms were observed including unopened spear leaves, skirt–like appearance of leaves, basidiocarp formation, bole creation and death of the palm. The disease incidence ranged from 5.4% in 16-year old palms at Bota to 39.0% in palms of the same age in Mungo were about 50% of infected plants had extreme severe symptoms. Although principal component analysis showed that six soil properties account for variation in BSR disease incidence and severity, only fine sand content was positively correlated (P≤0.05) with disease incidence and severity, while C/N ratio was negatively correlated. This study has established the occurrence and spread of basal stem rot disease in five oil palm plantations in South Western Cameroon.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ecology of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Cameroon
AU  - Afui Mathias Mih
AU  - Tonjock Rosemary Kinge
Y1  - 2015/10/28
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 208
EP  - 215
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.16
AB  - Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by species of Ganoderma { XE "Ganoderma"}is of immense importance in oil palm production. Although much is known on the occurrence of this devastating disease, fundamental studies on the ecology in oil palm in plantations are rather limited. This study sought to determine the incidence, severity, distribution and spread pattern of BSR disease in oil palm plantations and relate disease parameters to climatic and edaphic factors. Surveys were carried out for two years on two–hectare plots in each of five oil palm estates of the Cameroon Development Corporation. Data for disease incidence and severity in each estate were recorded. Disease spread patterns were generated from Arc GIS version 9.3 using GIS coordinates of diseased plants. A correlation between disease parameters and soil physicochemical properties and multivariate analyses were done. Typical BSR disease symptoms were observed including unopened spear leaves, skirt–like appearance of leaves, basidiocarp formation, bole creation and death of the palm. The disease incidence ranged from 5.4% in 16-year old palms at Bota to 39.0% in palms of the same age in Mungo were about 50% of infected plants had extreme severe symptoms. Although principal component analysis showed that six soil properties account for variation in BSR disease incidence and severity, only fine sand content was positively correlated (P≤0.05) with disease incidence and severity, while C/N ratio was negatively correlated. This study has established the occurrence and spread of basal stem rot disease in five oil palm plantations in South Western Cameroon.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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