Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and <i>in vitro</i> Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger

Nourou Abdou; Nasreldin Basha; Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro; Ignatius Verla Nsahlai

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger

Nourou Abdou, Nasreldin Basha, Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro, Ignatius Verla Nsahlai

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 6, Issue 4)

Received: 7 July 2018 Accepted: 17 July 2018 Published: 17 August 2018

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The effect of urea treatment of roughages and the digestibility of feeds for ruminants was studied in southern Niger. Cereal straws, legume crop residues and concentrates were collected in the dry season. Cereal straws were millet stover, sorghum stover with its fractions (leaves and sheath, stems), Diheteropogon hagerupii, Eragrostis tremula and Schizachyrium exile and legume crop residues were groundnut haulms and cowpea husk. Cereal straws and cowpea husk were either untreated or treated with urea. In vitro digestibility characteristics were determined using rumen fluid from fistulated Jersey cows and metabolizable energy (ME) was determined through gas production after 24h of incubation. Cereal straws had different (P<0.001) apparent degradability (Apdeg), degradation rate (C), halflife to the maximum gas volume (T_1/2), degradation efficiency factor (DEF) and ME. Whereas, urea treated cereal straws had higher (P<0.001) (C) and increased (P<0.01) ME. Legume crop residues did not affect (P>0.05) in vitro parameters, however, treating cowpea husk decreased (P<0.05) gas production and (T_1/2) but increased ME (p<0.01). Concentrate degradation and kinetics parameters varied (P<0.001) strongly, while Apdeg and true degradability varied (P<0.01) leaving microbial yield (MY) unaffected. These findings will contribute to better utilization of the concerned feed resources by ruminants in Niger and related environment.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13
Page(s)	78-83
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cereal Straws, Concentrates, Digestibility, Gas Production, Legume Crop Residues, Urea Treatment

References

[1]	Belachew, Z., Yisehak, K., Taye, T., Janssens, G., 2013. Chemical composition and in sacco ruminal degradation of tropical trees rich in condensed tannins. Czechoslovakia Journal of Animal Science 58, 176-192.
[2]	Abdou, N., Nsahlai, I., Chimonyo, M., 2011. Effects of groundnut haulms supplementation on millet stover intake, digestibility and growth performance of lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 169, 176-184.
[3]	Abdou N., Gouro A. S, Nsahlai I. V., 2017. Nutritional Characteristics of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology. 17, 229-243.
[4]	Kashongwe, B., Bebe, B., Ooro, P., Migwi, P., Onyango, T., 2017. Integrating Characterization of Smallholders’ Feeding Practices with On-Farm Feeding Trials to Improve Utilization of Crop Residues on Smallholder Farms. Advances in Agriculture 2017.
[5]	Ali, L., Van den Bossche, P., Thys, E., 2003. Enjeux et contraintes de l'élevage urbain et périurbain des petits ruminants à Maradi au Niger: quel avenir ? Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 56 (1-2).
[6]	Arbabi, S., Ghoorchi, T., Ramzanpour, S., 2017. Use of an in vitro Rumen Gas Production Technique to Evaluate the Nutritive Value of Five Forage to Concentrate Ratios. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 7.
[7]	Pell, A., Schofield, P., 1993. Computerized monitoring of gas production to measure forage digestion in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 1063-1073.
[8]	McDougall, E., 1948. Studies on ruminant saliva. 1. The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochemical Journal 43, 99.
[9]	Menke, K., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W., 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science 93, 217-222.
[10]	Van Soest, P. v., Robertson, J., Lewis, B., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of dairy science 74, 3583-3597.
[11]	Blümmel, M., Steingaβ, H., Becker, K., 1997b. The relationship between in vitro gas production, in vitro microbial biomass yield and N incorporation and its implications for the prediction of voluntary feed intake of roughages. British Journal of Nutrition 77, 911-921.
[12]	Van Soest, P. J., 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Cornell University Press.
[13]	Campos, F., Sampaio, A., Bose, M., Vieira, P., Sarmento, P., 2004. Evaluation of in vitro gas production of roughages and their mixtures using the curves subtraction method. Animal feed science and technology 116 (1): 161-172.
[14]	Schofield, P., Pitt, R., Pell, A., 1994. Kinetics of fiber digestion from in vitro gas production. Journal of animal science 72, 2980-2991.
[15]	Sahoo, A., Ogra, R. K., Sood, A., Ahuja, P. S., 2010. Nutritional evaluation of bamboo cultivars in sub‐Himalayan region of India by chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation. Grassland science 56, 116-125.
[16]	Blümmel, M., Steingass, H., Becker, K., 1994. The partitioning of in vitro fermentation products and its bearing for voluntary feed intake, Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology (Germany). http://agris.fao.org
[17]	Blümmel, M., Makkar, H., Becker, K., 1997a. In vitro gas production: a technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 77, 24-34.
[18]	Ouda, J., Nsahlai, I., 2009. The relevance and potential use of in vitro gas production parameters to evaluate poor quality roughage based rations for ruminants.
[19]	Adejoro, F., Hassen, A., 2017. Effect of supplementing or treating Eragrostis curvula hay with urea or nitrate on its digestibility and in vitro fermentation. South African Journal of Animal Science 47, 168-177.
[20]	Defar, G., Urgie, M., Melaku, S., 2017. Effect of urea treatment and concentrate mix supplementations on feed intake and digestibility of Horro sheep fed cured maize husk (Zea Mays) at Bako, Western Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research 12, 1459-1465.
[21]	Makkar, H., 2004. Recent advances in the in vitro gas method for evaluation of nutritional quality of feed resources. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper, 55-88.
[22]	Broderick, G., Abrams, S., Rotz, C., 1992. Ruminal in vitro degradability of protein in alfalfa harvested as standing forage or baled hay. Journal of dairy science 75, 2440-2446.
[23]	Owens, F. N., Basalan, M., 2016. Ruminal fermentation, Rumenology, Springer, pp. 63-102.
[24]	Maghsoud, B., Akbar, T., Hossein, J., Ali, M. G., 2008. Evaluation of some by-products using in situ and in vitro gas production techniques. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 3, 7-12.
[25]	Nsahlai, I., Fon, F., Basha, N., 2011. The effect of tannin with and without polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production and microbial enzyme activity. South African Journal of Animal Science 41, 337-344.
[26]	Khalaf, M. A., Meleigy, S. A., 2008. Reduction of free gossypol levels in cottonseed meal by microbial treatment. Int. J. Agric. Biol 10 (2): 185-190.
[27]	Basha, N., Peter, S., Ahmed, M., Nsalhlai, V., 2014. Effects of season, browse species and polyethylene glycol addition on in vitro degradability of forages in the sub-humid subtropical savannah, Sounth Africa. J. Sci. Food Agr 6, 153-161.
[28]	Bhatta, R., Saravanan, M., Baruah, L., Malik, P., Sampath, K., 2017. Nutrient composition, rate of fermentation and in vitro rumen methane output from tropical feedstuffs. The Journal of Agricultural Science 155, 171-183.
[29]	Owen, E., Smith, T., Makkar, H., 2012. Successes and failures with animal nutrition practices and technologies in developing countries: A synthesis of an FAO e-conference. Animal Feed Science and Technology 174, 211-226.
[30]	Sallam, S., Nasser, M., El-Waziry, A., Bueno, I., Abdalla, A., 2007. Use of an in vitro rumen gas production technique to evaluate some ruminant feedstuffs. J. Appl. Sci. Res 3, 34-41.
[31]	Ouda, J., Nsahlai, I., 2007. Nutritive value of maize stover harvested at two stages of maturity and mixed with different types and levels of protein supplements. Journal of Applied Animal Research 32, 89-95.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nourou Abdou, Nasreldin Basha, Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro, Ignatius Verla Nsahlai. (2018). Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 6(4), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Nourou Abdou; Nasreldin Basha; Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro; Ignatius Verla Nsahlai. Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger. Am. J. Agric. For. 2018, 6(4), 78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Nourou Abdou, Nasreldin Basha, Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro, Ignatius Verla Nsahlai. Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger. Am J Agric For. 2018;6(4):78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13,
  author = {Nourou Abdou and Nasreldin Basha and Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro and Ignatius Verla Nsahlai},
  title = {Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20180604.13},
  abstract = {The effect of urea treatment of roughages and the digestibility of feeds for ruminants was studied in southern Niger. Cereal straws, legume crop residues and concentrates were collected in the dry season. Cereal straws were millet stover, sorghum stover with its fractions (leaves and sheath, stems), Diheteropogon hagerupii, Eragrostis tremula and Schizachyrium exile and legume crop residues were groundnut haulms and cowpea husk. Cereal straws and cowpea husk were either untreated or treated with urea. In vitro digestibility characteristics were determined using rumen fluid from fistulated Jersey cows and metabolizable energy (ME) was determined through gas production after 24h of incubation. Cereal straws had different (P1/2), degradation efficiency factor (DEF) and ME. Whereas, urea treated cereal straws had higher (P0.05) in vitro parameters, however, treating cowpea husk decreased (P1/2) but increased ME (p<0.01). Concentrate degradation and kinetics parameters varied (P<0.001) strongly, while Apdeg and true degradability varied (P<0.01) leaving microbial yield (MY) unaffected. These findings will contribute to better utilization of the concerned feed resources by ruminants in Niger and related environment.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger
AU  - Nourou Abdou
AU  - Nasreldin Basha
AU  - Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro
AU  - Ignatius Verla Nsahlai
Y1  - 2018/08/17
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 78
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13
AB  - The effect of urea treatment of roughages and the digestibility of feeds for ruminants was studied in southern Niger. Cereal straws, legume crop residues and concentrates were collected in the dry season. Cereal straws were millet stover, sorghum stover with its fractions (leaves and sheath, stems), Diheteropogon hagerupii, Eragrostis tremula and Schizachyrium exile and legume crop residues were groundnut haulms and cowpea husk. Cereal straws and cowpea husk were either untreated or treated with urea. In vitro digestibility characteristics were determined using rumen fluid from fistulated Jersey cows and metabolizable energy (ME) was determined through gas production after 24h of incubation. Cereal straws had different (P1/2), degradation efficiency factor (DEF) and ME. Whereas, urea treated cereal straws had higher (P0.05) in vitro parameters, however, treating cowpea husk decreased (P1/2) but increased ME (p<0.01). Concentrate degradation and kinetics parameters varied (P<0.001) strongly, while Apdeg and true degradability varied (P<0.01) leaving microbial yield (MY) unaffected. These findings will contribute to better utilization of the concerned feed resources by ruminants in Niger and related environment.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Nourou Abdou

Department of Animal Production, National Institute for Agricultural Research, Niamey, Niger
Nasreldin Basha

Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medecine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro

Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger
Ignatius Verla Nsahlai

Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nourou Abdou, Nasreldin Basha, Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro, Ignatius Verla Nsahlai. (2018). Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 6(4), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Nourou Abdou; Nasreldin Basha; Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro; Ignatius Verla Nsahlai. Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger. Am. J. Agric. For. 2018, 6(4), 78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Nourou Abdou, Nasreldin Basha, Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro, Ignatius Verla Nsahlai. Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger. Am J Agric For. 2018;6(4):78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13,
  author = {Nourou Abdou and Nasreldin Basha and Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro and Ignatius Verla Nsahlai},
  title = {Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20180604.13},
  abstract = {The effect of urea treatment of roughages and the digestibility of feeds for ruminants was studied in southern Niger. Cereal straws, legume crop residues and concentrates were collected in the dry season. Cereal straws were millet stover, sorghum stover with its fractions (leaves and sheath, stems), Diheteropogon hagerupii, Eragrostis tremula and Schizachyrium exile and legume crop residues were groundnut haulms and cowpea husk. Cereal straws and cowpea husk were either untreated or treated with urea. In vitro digestibility characteristics were determined using rumen fluid from fistulated Jersey cows and metabolizable energy (ME) was determined through gas production after 24h of incubation. Cereal straws had different (P1/2), degradation efficiency factor (DEF) and ME. Whereas, urea treated cereal straws had higher (P0.05) in vitro parameters, however, treating cowpea husk decreased (P1/2) but increased ME (p<0.01). Concentrate degradation and kinetics parameters varied (P<0.001) strongly, while Apdeg and true degradability varied (P<0.01) leaving microbial yield (MY) unaffected. These findings will contribute to better utilization of the concerned feed resources by ruminants in Niger and related environment.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger
AU  - Nourou Abdou
AU  - Nasreldin Basha
AU  - Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro
AU  - Ignatius Verla Nsahlai
Y1  - 2018/08/17
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 78
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20180604.13
AB  - The effect of urea treatment of roughages and the digestibility of feeds for ruminants was studied in southern Niger. Cereal straws, legume crop residues and concentrates were collected in the dry season. Cereal straws were millet stover, sorghum stover with its fractions (leaves and sheath, stems), Diheteropogon hagerupii, Eragrostis tremula and Schizachyrium exile and legume crop residues were groundnut haulms and cowpea husk. Cereal straws and cowpea husk were either untreated or treated with urea. In vitro digestibility characteristics were determined using rumen fluid from fistulated Jersey cows and metabolizable energy (ME) was determined through gas production after 24h of incubation. Cereal straws had different (P1/2), degradation efficiency factor (DEF) and ME. Whereas, urea treated cereal straws had higher (P0.05) in vitro parameters, however, treating cowpea husk decreased (P1/2) but increased ME (p<0.01). Concentrate degradation and kinetics parameters varied (P<0.001) strongly, while Apdeg and true degradability varied (P<0.01) leaving microbial yield (MY) unaffected. These findings will contribute to better utilization of the concerned feed resources by ruminants in Niger and related environment.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download