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Study on Correlation Between Coating Rate and Hot Water Soluble Substances of Reconstituted Tobacco
Dandan Su,
Guiyuan Zhou,
Wenjun Zhang,
Dejun Wu,
Xiaosheng Wang,
Hua Chen,
Mingwen Wei,
Tao Feng
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
65-70
Received:
10 June 2018
Accepted:
26 June 2018
Published:
18 July 2018
Abstract: The corresponding relationship between the coating rate and hot water soluble of paper-making reconstituted tobacco was studied in this paper which provided references for the research and application on the off-line detecting of coating rate. Through the accurate quantitative coating experiment, the hot water soluble of reconstituted tobacco by paper-making was determined through soxhlet extraction and coffee machine washing in this paper. And the corresponding relationship between the coating rate and hot water soluble determined by these two methods was also compared in order to make sure which method was more suitable. The results showed that the hot water soluble value was significantly positively correlated with coating rate (P<0.01), if the coating rate distribute between 38% and 46%. The linear equation obtained y=1.007x+1.387, R2=0.974 and y=0.932x+3.181, R2=0.985, respectively. The hot water soluble value determined by these two methods were different from each other. And the values determined by soxhlet extraction were mostly lower than the values detected by coffee machine washing; The coating rate derived from hot water soluble values determined by coffee machine washing was more closer to the actual values. It is feasible to derive the coating rate from hot water soluble values, and the method of coffee machine washing is more suitable for practical production testing, which has the advantage of short testing time and simple operation.
Abstract: The corresponding relationship between the coating rate and hot water soluble of paper-making reconstituted tobacco was studied in this paper which provided references for the research and application on the off-line detecting of coating rate. Through the accurate quantitative coating experiment, the hot water soluble of reconstituted tobacco by pa...
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Determinants of Technical Efficiency of Small Scale Vegetables Production Under Different Irrigation Systems in Koulikoro and Mopti Regions, Mali
Kane Abdoulah Mamary,
Job Kibiwot Lagat,
Jackson Kipngetich Langat,
Bino Teme
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
71-77
Received:
22 April 2018
Accepted:
3 June 2018
Published:
25 July 2018
Abstract: Majority of the households in Mali depend on rain-fed agriculture for their food production. Overreliance on rain-fed agriculture limit limits the production output due to unreliable rainfall in the country. To mitigate this, the government has invested in rehabilitation of irrigation schemes. Through appropriate irrigation technologies and improved agronomic management practices, agricultural productivity will be increased. The objective of this study was to determine the technical efficiency of small scale vegetables production under different irrigation systems. This study was guided by the production theory. Primary data was collected from 273 farmers selected proportionately from four wards (Fanafiecoura and Tieman, in Koulikoro region and Mopti and Dialango, in Mopti region) using face-to-face interviews. Secondary data from literature reviews was also used. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production regression model was used in the analysis. Stata software was used for analysis. This study found that with respect to the production of potatoes, shallots and tomatoes, technical efficiency scores were highest in drip irrigation, followed by sprinkling irrigation and lowest in Californian irrigation system. This study recommends that drip, sprinkling Californian irrigation systems should be promoted since they presents a good opportunity for superior technical efficiency in vegetable production.
Abstract: Majority of the households in Mali depend on rain-fed agriculture for their food production. Overreliance on rain-fed agriculture limit limits the production output due to unreliable rainfall in the country. To mitigate this, the government has invested in rehabilitation of irrigation schemes. Through appropriate irrigation technologies and improve...
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Effect of Urea Treatment of Roughages and in vitro Digestibility of Available Feed Resources in Maradi Area of Niger
Nourou Abdou,
Nasreldin Basha,
Abdoulaye Soumana Gouro,
Ignatius Verla Nsahlai
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
78-83
Received:
7 July 2018
Accepted:
17 July 2018
Published:
17 August 2018
Abstract: The effect of urea treatment of roughages and the digestibility of feeds for ruminants was studied in southern Niger. Cereal straws, legume crop residues and concentrates were collected in the dry season. Cereal straws were millet stover, sorghum stover with its fractions (leaves and sheath, stems), Diheteropogon hagerupii, Eragrostis tremula and Schizachyrium exile and legume crop residues were groundnut haulms and cowpea husk. Cereal straws and cowpea husk were either untreated or treated with urea. In vitro digestibility characteristics were determined using rumen fluid from fistulated Jersey cows and metabolizable energy (ME) was determined through gas production after 24h of incubation. Cereal straws had different (P<0.001) apparent degradability (Apdeg), degradation rate (C), halflife to the maximum gas volume (T1/2), degradation efficiency factor (DEF) and ME. Whereas, urea treated cereal straws had higher (P<0.001) (C) and increased (P<0.01) ME. Legume crop residues did not affect (P>0.05) in vitro parameters, however, treating cowpea husk decreased (P<0.05) gas production and (T1/2) but increased ME (p<0.01). Concentrate degradation and kinetics parameters varied (P<0.001) strongly, while Apdeg and true degradability varied (P<0.01) leaving microbial yield (MY) unaffected. These findings will contribute to better utilization of the concerned feed resources by ruminants in Niger and related environment.
Abstract: The effect of urea treatment of roughages and the digestibility of feeds for ruminants was studied in southern Niger. Cereal straws, legume crop residues and concentrates were collected in the dry season. Cereal straws were millet stover, sorghum stover with its fractions (leaves and sheath, stems), Diheteropogon hagerupii, Eragrostis tremula and S...
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The Bark Beetle in the Białowieża Forest in the Light of the Latest Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
84-87
Received:
4 July 2018
Accepted:
17 July 2018
Published:
21 August 2018
Abstract: The subject of this article is the problem of spruce bark beetle in the Białowieża Forest. The author analyzes what influence human activities have on the Białowieża Forest in relation to the bark beetle gradation. The article also discusses the impact of the recent case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the protection of the primeval forest in the light of recent actions of the authorities of the Białowieża Forest. The Court's ruling is an important signal for the communities involved in the protection of the Białowieża Forest that at all costs should be protected those remnants of forests that surround us, even at the cost of greater profits. And the spruce beetle became a symbol of the battle for the Białowieża Forest, showing what the forest is for us. The author points to the Court's Decision as an important signal for the communities involved in the protection of the Białowieża Forest that at all costs should be protected those remnants of forests that surround us, even at the cost of greater profits. The Bark beetle became the symbol of the fight for the Białowieża Forest. The forest which is one of the best preserved primeval forest complexes in Europe.
Abstract: The subject of this article is the problem of spruce bark beetle in the Białowieża Forest. The author analyzes what influence human activities have on the Białowieża Forest in relation to the bark beetle gradation. The article also discusses the impact of the recent case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the protection of ...
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Reduction the Effect of Heat Transmission for the Heat Capacity of Building Wall in Summer
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
88-97
Received:
24 May 2018
Accepted:
11 July 2018
Published:
23 August 2018
Abstract: For the wall model of a building affected by solar radiation, a one-dimensional transient thermal conduction analysis was conducted. The purpose of the analysis was to examine the effect of wall thickness and heat capacity on heat transfer. On the westward wall in summer, the temperature distribution indoor the wall became parabolic. Even after the evening, the heat flux direction was outdoor from the wall and indoor from the wall, even in the conditions where the sol-air temperature was higher than the indoor temperature. The re-emit of the outside surface continued from evening till the morning of the next day. In the daytime, the heat quantity that entered from the outdoor air into the wall body did not all flow through the room, but a part was re-emitted to the outdoor. Particularly in the case of materials with low thermal conductivity and high volumetric specific heat, the effect of re-emit was remarkable. Regarding the amount of re-emit, the woody material with a large volumetric specific heat and the glass wool with a small volumetric specific heat were compared. It was suggested that the heat capacity could reduce the heat flux.
Abstract: For the wall model of a building affected by solar radiation, a one-dimensional transient thermal conduction analysis was conducted. The purpose of the analysis was to examine the effect of wall thickness and heat capacity on heat transfer. On the westward wall in summer, the temperature distribution indoor the wall became parabolic. Even after the...
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Discussion on Production Technology of Formaldehyde Purification and Anti-cracking Ecological Board and the Intuitive Display Experiment
Liu Yaunqiang,
Liu Yixin,
Weng Yaolie,
Guo Bingtuo,
Ye Jiaoyou
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
98-102
Received:
2 July 2018
Accepted:
20 July 2018
Published:
23 August 2018
Abstract: The formaldehyde purification and anti-cracking ecological board has the function of anti-cracking and removing formaldehyde, which is improved on the basis of the production process of ordinary ecological boards. Its key processes are different from the ordinary ecological board including the secondary adhesive mixing, secondary adhesive dipping, resin-impregnated paper storage, optimization of balanced laminate (1.0mm hight density fibreboard, HDF), stickers, hot pressing and so on. In addition, the core technology parameters of formaldehyde purifying ecological board involves several aspects such as the glue preparation ratio, curing time, dipping amount, storage environment of the resin-impregnated paper, hot-pressing process of the balanced laminate layer and the resin-impregnated paper. The anti-cracking property of the formaldehyde purification and anti-cracking ecological board under this process is greater than grade 4. The main active ingredient of formaldehyde purification and anti-cracking eco-board are chitin and nano-silicon, etc. The negative electric field generated by nano-crystalline silicon wafers adsorbs gas molecules such as formaldehyde, the active amino groups in chitin decompose these substances into water molecules, and the nano-silicon wafers also function as bactericidal agents to achieve the effect of air purification. After testing, the purification efficiency of formaldehyde purifying and anti-cracking ecological board ≥ 75%, and the formaldehyde purifying effect lasting ≥ 60%. In the intuitive formaldehyde purification experiment, the formaldehyde level can be approximately decreased to 50% within 10min and reduced to 0.3mg/m3 after 1h in the newly prepared formaldehyde purification and anti-cracking ecological board samples.
Abstract: The formaldehyde purification and anti-cracking ecological board has the function of anti-cracking and removing formaldehyde, which is improved on the basis of the production process of ordinary ecological boards. Its key processes are different from the ordinary ecological board including the secondary adhesive mixing, secondary adhesive dipping, ...
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Development and Utilization of Female Labor Force in Rural Areas in Guizhou During Economic Transformation Period—— A Survey of 10 Villages in Guizhou in 2016
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
103-110
Received:
25 June 2018
Accepted:
31 July 2018
Published:
29 August 2018
Abstract: Under the background of national economic transformation, in order to make Guizhou's vast rural women labor force better adapt to economic and social development and change. We conducted a household survey to investigate the total number of female labor force in 800 households in 10 villages in the rural areas of Guizhou Province, a total of 1008 people. From the survey of rural women's labor force, the situation of the rural women's labor is stable, the family business is mainly engaged, and most of the outgoing business work is the company type, with the majority of the provincial housekeeping workers, the legal consciousness is generally weak. As a result of multi industry labor, per capita income is much higher than that of the whole country and Guizhou province.
Abstract: Under the background of national economic transformation, in order to make Guizhou's vast rural women labor force better adapt to economic and social development and change. We conducted a household survey to investigate the total number of female labor force in 800 households in 10 villages in the rural areas of Guizhou Province, a total of 1008 p...
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