Determination of Optimum Nativo SC 300 (Trifloxystrobin 100g/l + Tebuconazole 200g/l) Spray Frequency for Control of Rust (Puccinia allii Rudolphi) on Garlic in Bale Highlands, South Eastern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
16-19
Received:
23 April 2016
Accepted:
3 May 2016
Published:
15 March 2017
Abstract: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the major allium crops grown in the highlands of Bale, south eastern Ethiopia. Rust, which is caused by Puccinia allii Rudolphi is the most important disease of this crop in these areas. There are different fungicides recommended for the control of garlic rust on Allium crops in different parts of the world. Nativo SC 300 (Trifloxystrobin 100g/l + Tebuconazole 200g/l) is one of the recommended chemicals for the control of this disease. To determine the optimum Nativo SC 300 spray frequency for the control of the disease a study was conducted at research station of Sinana Agricultural Research Center, south eastern Ethiopia. The fungicide was sprayed on garlic plots in three different frequencies. The frequencies were five times (every 7-days), three times (every 14-days) and two times (every 21-days) starting from the onset of the disease. The experiment was laid down in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The lowest average rust severity level (1%) was recorded from plots which were treated with the fungicide five times at weekly interval whereas the maximum average severity level (83.3%) was recorded from the unsprayed plots. All fungicide treated plots gave significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher total bulb yield than the untreated check plots. Among fungicide treated plots, the maximum total bulb yield (13.92 t/ha) was obtained from plots which were protected from the disease by spraying the fungicide three times at 14-days interval. Partial budget analysis revealed that application of Nativo SC 300 three times at 14-days interval gave the highest net benefit. Therefore, application of Nativo SC 300 (Trifloxystrobin 100g/l + Tebuconazole 200g/l) three times at 14-days interval starting from the onset of the disease results in not only high total bulb yield but also high net benefit on the chemical application.
Abstract: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the major allium crops grown in the highlands of Bale, south eastern Ethiopia. Rust, which is caused by Puccinia allii Rudolphi is the most important disease of this crop in these areas. There are different fungicides recommended for the control of garlic rust on Allium crops in different parts of the world. Nat...
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Utilization of Pine Caterpillars (Dendrolimus spp.) in Yunnan, China
Jian Zhong He,
Zhong He Zhang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
20-24
Received:
6 March 2017
Accepted:
15 March 2017
Published:
28 March 2017
Abstract: The history and current utilization of pine caterpillar by those ethnic groups living in the Yunnan province was introduced in the paper, and its potential evaluation as a cheap notorious food source was analyzed. The pine caterpillars can provide high quality proteins and high fat as well as caloric values, it means that these insects can be used as resource insects instead of pest insects. Mass harvesting the pine caterpillars by local people may reduce the use of pesticides considerably in one hand, and in the other hand, it may provide the indigenous people with high quality protein food.
Abstract: The history and current utilization of pine caterpillar by those ethnic groups living in the Yunnan province was introduced in the paper, and its potential evaluation as a cheap notorious food source was analyzed. The pine caterpillars can provide high quality proteins and high fat as well as caloric values, it means that these insects can be used ...
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Water Treatments and Root-Shoot Growth Relations in Yemane (Gmelina arborea roxb.) Seedlings
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
25-32
Received:
11 July 2016
Accepted:
9 March 2017
Published:
2 April 2017
Abstract: The nursery study was conducted to provide a scientific explanation for the practice of hardening seedlings in the nursery prior to out-planting in the open field. Three watering treatments (unstressed condition (US) seedlings watered twice a day, moderately stressed condition (MS), seedlings watered once a week, and severely stressed condition (SS), water is applied when seedlings show symptoms of mid-day wilting) were applied to Yemane seedlings (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) and their effects on root-shoot growth parameters were measured. Yemane was selected as the test species considering their massive use for reforestation in the Philippines. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with each treatment replicated 6 times. Data was obtained for a period of four (4) months and the ANOVA for RCBD was used to test level of significance among the treatments. The Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to compare treatment means. Shoot height, stem diameter, leaf area and shoot biomass and root length, root diameter, root density and root biomass were the parameters measured for above and below ground, respectively. Water treatments influence biomass partitioning responsible for the changes in seedling morphology and architecture. Seedlings in unstressed condition has bigger basal stem diameter, longer shoot length and wider leaf area. Furthermore, seedlings in unstressed condition obtained the largest volume of green shoot biomass but when ovendried has lighter weights, compared to the moderate and severely stressed seedlings. Severely stressed seedlings obtained the largest biomass gain in the number and length of lateral roots, root density, root biomass, root: shoot ratio and the production of a more fibrous root system. Water stress treatments suppressed the elongation of shoot parts but promotes increases in root parts. In the same manner, water treatments influenced source-sink relation between root and shoot parts wherein carbohydrates accumulates in the leaves and stem of seedlings in unstressed condition but shift to the roots in moderate and severely stressed condition. The shift in carbon allocation is an adaptive mechanism for stress regulation accounting for the larger increment in root parts under water stressed environment. It is clear that water stress treatments modified root and shoot morphology and it can used as a hardening tool for seedlings during the nursery tending phase.
Abstract: The nursery study was conducted to provide a scientific explanation for the practice of hardening seedlings in the nursery prior to out-planting in the open field. Three watering treatments (unstressed condition (US) seedlings watered twice a day, moderately stressed condition (MS), seedlings watered once a week, and severely stressed condition (SS...
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