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Effects of Moisture Content and Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Degradation of Glycoalkaloids in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Vine Silage in Tibet
Zhou Juanjuan,
Wei Wei,
Qin Aiqiong,
Samten,
Tenzin-tarchen,
Li Bin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
1-9
Received:
22 November 2018
Accepted:
13 December 2018
Published:
24 January 2019
Abstract: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of raw material moisture content and additives on the fermentation quality and degradation of glycoalkaloids in potato vine silage and to explore new approaches for feedstuff preservation with the aim of providing a source of sustainable livestock feed. Potato vine was partially wilted to three different target moisture contents [approx. 75% (M1), 65% (M2), and 55% (M3)] and treated with (1) formic acid [1.5% fresh weight (FW), FA]; (2) pre-fermented juices (5.0 mL kg−1 FW, PFJ); (3) corn flour (100 g kg−1 DM, CF); (4) potato pulp (30% FW, PP); and (5) no additives (control). After 45 days of ensiling with polyethylene (100 mL), the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and concentration of glycoalkaloids were determined. The results showed that silage quality and glycoalkaloid concentration were significantly influenced by moisture content and additives (P < 0.05). Lactic acid (LA), pH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased slightly with decreasing moisture content; in contrast, the concentration of LA/AA declined. LA content was highest and pH and acetic acid (AA) were lowest at M1 compared with M2 and M3. Little to no butyric acid (BA) was detected in the presence of additives. The FA-treated silage exhibited a significantly reduced pH value and ammonia-N/total-N (NH3-N/TN) content (P < 0.05) and an increased concentration of LA and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs). PP-treated silage provided sufficient fermentation substrate, and the DM and WSC contents increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the PFJ and CF treatments. Supplementation with PFJ resulted in the pH of the ensiled forage stabilizing at approximately 4.40. With the addition of CF, the LA:AA ratios of the different moisture content treatments were 2.42, 2.15, and 1.75, respectively, which were significantly lower than 3:1 in the other treatments at all moisture contents. The potato glycoalkaloid content of the PV silage increased with decreasing moisture level. Glycoalkaloid concentration was significantly reduced to 0.55, 4.57, and 7.73 100 mg g−1, respectively (P < 0.05), in the different moisture treatments by the addition of FA. In conclusion, the best quality PV silage was produced at 75% moisture content with the addition of FA. Additive ensiling thus constitutes an effective approach for potato vine preservation.
Abstract: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of raw material moisture content and additives on the fermentation quality and degradation of glycoalkaloids in potato vine silage and to explore new approaches for feedstuff preservation with the aim of providing a source of sustainable livestock feed. Potato vine was partially wilted to...
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Plant Growth Regulators Affect Germination and Main Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolites of Potato Tubers
Zhong Lei,
Wang Liangjun,
Yuan Jichao,
Zheng Shunlin,
Hu Jianjun
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
10-16
Received:
6 November 2018
Accepted:
29 December 2018
Published:
30 January 2019
Abstract: Assessing the effects of different growth regulators on sprout growth and tuber carbon-nitrogen metabolism during the storage of potato tubers is helpful to understand the physiological changes of dormancy in potatoes. In this study, a major potato cultivar ‘Chuanyu-117’ of Southwestern China was used as the experimental material. The tubers were immersed in sprouting inhibitors chlorpropham (CIPC), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellin A3 (GA3) to study sprout growth and changes in the carbon-nitrogen metabolism during tuber storage. The results showed that GA3 treatment shortened the dormancy intensity and amplitude by 17 days and 11 days, respectively, and that the sprouts grew faster after germination. Compared to the control treatment, ABA prolonged dormancy and increased its intensity by 6 days but shortened the amplitude by 11 days. After dormancy, the sprouts grew rapidly and uniformly. The CIPC treatment had a more significant dormancy prolonging effect. The stems germinated 70 days post treatment, and the germination period was extended by at least 40 days compared with the control. Tubers treated with different growth regulators showed similar carbon-nitrogen metabolism during the storage period. However, the rate of variation was significantly different. After 12 weeks, the starch content of tubers treated with GA3, ABA, and CIPC decreased by 13.36%, 11.30%, and 5.93%, respectively, while soluble sugar content decreased by 48.3%, 58.9%, and 56.1%, respectively. Soluble protein and crude protein content in the treated tubers first increased and then decreased. Soluble protein content in the tubers treated with GA3, ABA, and CIPC increased during storage but decreased in the later period. Crude protein content also increased the first time, and then decreased in the later period. Changes in the carbon-nitrogen ratio of tubers in different treatments during storage were also different. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of tubers treated with sprouting promotors was high, while that of the tubers treated with sprouting inhibitors was low and showed a gradual decreasing trend.
Abstract: Assessing the effects of different growth regulators on sprout growth and tuber carbon-nitrogen metabolism during the storage of potato tubers is helpful to understand the physiological changes of dormancy in potatoes. In this study, a major potato cultivar ‘Chuanyu-117’ of Southwestern China was used as the experimental material. The tubers were i...
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Weed Population Assessment in Wheat at Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Shugute Addisu,
Zahara Mohammed,
Gebre Kidan Feleke
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
17-22
Received:
1 December 2018
Accepted:
10 January 2019
Published:
13 February 2019
Abstract: Study was conducted on Weed Population Assessment in Wheat at Adea, Gimbichu, Minjar shenkora, Akaki, Boro and Lume Districts in Central Highlands of Ethiopia during, 2014/15 main cropping season to determine the distribution of weed species in wheat growing areas of central highlands of Ethiopia and to record the weed infestation level on wheat crop production. Depending on the area coverage of Wheat in each Districts seven to three kebeles, again in each kebele six to four from Wheat fields samples were taken using 0.5 x 0.5m quderate and GPS instrument. The frequency, abundance and dominance regarding different aspects of weeds were calculated. The result revealed that 45 weed species belonging to 33 families as weeds of wheat for each species was calculated. The 5 major families based on number of taxa were: Poaceae (14), Asteraceae (7), three species each under Polygonaceae and Solanaceae, and Papilionaceae (2), totally they contain 66% of the total weed flora. The most frequent, abundant and dominant weed species were found to be setaria pumila, Plantago lanceolata, Bromus pecpectinatus, Cyperus rotudus, Xanthium strumarium L. and Snowdenia polystachya. Greater than 60% similarity index of weed communities was registered across all locations sampled.
Abstract: Study was conducted on Weed Population Assessment in Wheat at Adea, Gimbichu, Minjar shenkora, Akaki, Boro and Lume Districts in Central Highlands of Ethiopia during, 2014/15 main cropping season to determine the distribution of weed species in wheat growing areas of central highlands of Ethiopia and to record the weed infestation level on wheat cr...
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Development and Utilization of Medicinal Parasitic Plant Dodder as Source of Nectar and Pollen
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
23-27
Received:
26 December 2018
Accepted:
24 January 2019
Published:
21 February 2019
Abstract: Dodder, a parasitic herbage, is widely distributed throughout china.It is a very troublesome hogweed in agricultural production. People have to spend more human and material resources to get rid of it. Does dodder has some useful values? It has been provided by clinical applicant text and modern medical analysis that dodder is a medical plant. Although it is harmful in agriculture, its seeds, nectar and pollen play an important role in preventing and curing disease, preserving health and cosmetology. The traditional method of cultivating dodder is to cultivate soybean, flax and other annal plants firstly. Then use these plants as the hosts to cultivate dodder. But this method has some disadvantages such as complicated program and low efficiency. The new method by using drylands willow to cultivate dodder is worth popularizing for its simplicity and high efficiency.
Abstract: Dodder, a parasitic herbage, is widely distributed throughout china.It is a very troublesome hogweed in agricultural production. People have to spend more human and material resources to get rid of it. Does dodder has some useful values? It has been provided by clinical applicant text and modern medical analysis that dodder is a medical plant. Alth...
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Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar
Naing Kyi Win,
Nyein Nyein Htwe,
Cho Cho San,
Kyaw Kyaw Win
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
28-35
Received:
23 January 2019
Accepted:
11 March 2019
Published:
27 March 2019
Abstract: Hybrid rice is one of the most feasible options for increasing rice reproduction and Myanmar has area expansion under hybrid rice production. However, hybrid rice is a very new seed industry but social perceptions are not favorable. The objectives of the study were: 1) to study the characteristics of the rice collectors and their performance on purchasing of hybrid rice, 2) to identify the determinants for changing attitudes of willing to purchase by rice collectors. The study was conducted in Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar and used structured questionnaires to collect data from 61rice collectors. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Likert-type scale. This study revealed that majority 75.4% of respondents were rice brokers and 24.6% of them were miller collectors. Then, 82.0% out of respondents were male and respondents’ average age was 49 years. Next, 72.4% of rice collectors had formal education and 27.9% rice collectors possessed Bachelor degree. Besides, more than half 52.5% of rice collectors were above 10 years buying experience. Majority 91.8% of rice collectors bought above 836 tons in monsoon and over 2090 tons in summer paddy. Moreover, 63.9% of collectors received information to purchase from “hybrid rice seed companies”, less than half of respondents received information from “extension workers”, from “contract farming, from “fellow buyers” and accepted the information of “price less than local varieties”, those points were mentioned as “very important or important”. In addition, majority 82% of rice collectors stated “strongly agreed” or “agree” to the point of “need to grow hybrid rice for rice industry development”, more than half 65.5% of respondents expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “hybrid rice is more profitable than inbred rice”, 86.9%of respondents mentioned strongly agree or agree to the point of “enhancing quality of hybrid rice varieties”, 70.5% of respondents pointed out to “more milling outcome and avoid chalkiness”, 85.3% of respondents strongly agree or agree to “hybrid rice definitely advantages of outputs and export easily” and 85.2% of rice collectors expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “ I am willing to pay extra money if it is good in quality. Overall results of this study, rice collectors have desired to buy the unique paddy rice grain shape, color, chalkiness, white belly, and milling performance of grain translucency that drive the price and their decision for purchasing. This study highlighted the areas needed to improve such as establishment of a well-structured research programs to develop new consumers’ preferable hybrid rice varieties, public ICT system for agriculture, and advertising campaign persuaded by extension services and communication channels, marketing system and quality seed control system.
Abstract: Hybrid rice is one of the most feasible options for increasing rice reproduction and Myanmar has area expansion under hybrid rice production. However, hybrid rice is a very new seed industry but social perceptions are not favorable. The objectives of the study were: 1) to study the characteristics of the rice collectors and their performance on pur...
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