-
Moringa oleifera [L.] Seed Quality Assessment as Impacted by Pre-Treatments of Sowing
Sharda Dubey,
Gaurav Kumar Padwar,
Ramesh Sahu,
Arun Kumar Shukla
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
156-159
Received:
30 July 2022
Accepted:
15 August 2022
Published:
5 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221005.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The Moringaceae family includes a fast-growing, evergreen species of Moringa oleifera commonly known as Shajan (nutrients dynamite) that is widespread throughout India. Studies on “Moringa oleifera L. seed quality assessment as impacted by pre-treatments of sowing" was carried out in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. The purpose of this study was to use 4 month old seeds soaking of Moringa oleifera to increase the germination percentage of the seeds, the germination period, get vigour seedlings, and improve growth that was defined by the best quality. Moringa oleifera/ which also examined the seed's morphology, pre-sowing treatment, germination patterns, moisture content, viability, seedling vigour index, volume index, and growth performance. The average seed length, breadth, weight per 100 seeds, moisture content per 100 seeds, and viability per 100 seeds were 16.33 mm, 7.45 mm, 28.98 g, 30%, and 92%, respectively. Significant changes for the aforementioned seed parameters were noted (CD = 0.05). When we treated the seeds, we discovered that Thiourea 5% produces the greatest results when compared to Thiourea 1% and 10%.. The Germination percent (GP), Germination value (GV), Mean germination time (MGT), Seedling vigor index (SVI), Plant height (cm), Collar diameter (mm), Volume Index, sturdiness quotient (SQ) and Root length was recorded were significant (p = 0.05).
Abstract: The Moringaceae family includes a fast-growing, evergreen species of Moringa oleifera commonly known as Shajan (nutrients dynamite) that is widespread throughout India. Studies on “Moringa oleifera L. seed quality assessment as impacted by pre-treatments of sowing" was carried out in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. The purpose of this study was to use 4 mo...
Show More
-
Effect of Mother Tree Size on Salt Tolerance of Melia azedarach Seeds
Zhi Cao,
Yaling Yang,
Wendong Mi,
Yanchen Hu,
Zhongjun Zhang,
Xiaojun Lu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
160-164
Received:
19 August 2022
Accepted:
2 September 2022
Published:
8 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221005.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The size of mother tree is an important factor affecting seed quality. In this study, the seeds of 18-year-old neem mother trees with different DBH without obvious disease in Taishan District, Tai'an City, Shandong Province were collected, the tree height and DBH were measured, the seed size characteristics were compared, and the seed germination law under different salt concentrations was studied under different salt concentrations. The results showed that the size of mother trees had significant effects on the maximum length, maximum width and 1000-seed weight of seeds, and the above indexes of small and medium diameter classes mother trees were significantly greater than those of large diameter class mother trees. With the increase of salt concentration, the germination rate and germination index decreased significantly, and the dormancy rate increased significantly. The medium diameter class mother trees had the highest germination rate and the lowest dormancy rate among different diameter classes. Therefore, the seed quality of medium diameter class mother tree for M. Azedarach is the best and has the strongest salt tolerance. This study revealed that, on the whole, the seed quality of the middle DBH mother tree was the best, with a large 1000 seed weight, the highest germination rate and the lowest dormancy rate, as well as the strongest salt tolerance.
Abstract: The size of mother tree is an important factor affecting seed quality. In this study, the seeds of 18-year-old neem mother trees with different DBH without obvious disease in Taishan District, Tai'an City, Shandong Province were collected, the tree height and DBH were measured, the seed size characteristics were compared, and the seed germination l...
Show More
-
Study on Forest Types and Forest Fire Prevention Status and Countermeasures in Mount Tai Scenic Area
Wendong Mi,
PanPan Liu,
Li Xu,
Yan Meng,
Ting Li
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
165-169
Received:
19 August 2022
Accepted:
2 September 2022
Published:
8 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221005.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Mount Tai is rich in vegetation, lush trees and abundant water resources. The environmental support system of Mount Tai and its surrounding areas has played an irreplaceable role in water conservation, wildlife protection and environmental regulation. At present, the total forest area of Mount Tai has exceeded 10000 hectares, the forest coverage rate has reached more than 82%, the vegetation coverage rate has reached more than 94%, and there are more than 3200 species. The ecological environment has been greatly improved. There are 1412 species of higher plants, 446 species of lower plants, 1136 species of vascular plants, belonging to 133 families and 550 genera, including more than 800 species of wild plants and more than 300 species of cultivated plants. The abundant species of animals and plants and their interaction with environmental factors form a stable natural ecosystem of Mount Tai. Forest fire is the most dangerous enemy and also the most terrible disaster of the forest. The fire could bring destructive damage to the forest, not only burning the forest, but also reducing the reproductive capacity of the forest, causing soil barrenness and destroying the water conservation of the forest, and even leading to complete imbalance of the ecological environment. With the rapid development of economy, the state pays more and more attention to the development of forestry, and has made remarkable progress in the work of forest fire prevention. Forest fire has a great impact on forestry, so better forest fire prevention is the basic work to prevent forest fire, which is of great significance to the protection of forest resources and forest workers. This paper summarizes the forest species in Mount Tai Scenic Area, analyzes the current situation of forest fire prevention, and discusses the Countermeasures for forest fire prevention at present.
Abstract: Mount Tai is rich in vegetation, lush trees and abundant water resources. The environmental support system of Mount Tai and its surrounding areas has played an irreplaceable role in water conservation, wildlife protection and environmental regulation. At present, the total forest area of Mount Tai has exceeded 10000 hectares, the forest coverage ra...
Show More
-
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Spores in Maize (Zea mays L.) Plantations in Côte d'Ivoire
Droh Germain,
Djezou Kouadio Meliton,
Kouassi Koffi Brice Aymar,
Kouassi Abou Bakari,
Tiecoura Kouakou
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
170-180
Received:
25 July 2022
Accepted:
9 September 2022
Published:
19 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221005.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Maize cultivation plays an important socio-economic role in Côte d’Ivoire. It is the staple food of many Ivorian populations. The national production, from around 661,285 tonnes in 2013, increased to 1,025,000 tonnes in 2017. However, maize cultivation suffers from several problems, including the decline in soil fertility. To overcome these constraints, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be useful. These fungi improve water and mineral nutrition as well as plants’ resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Before any breeding program, it is necessary to carry out a study of the diversity of AMF and their identification. Soil samples were collected from 20 localities in three regions of Côte d'Ivoire for the isolation of mycorrhizal fungal spores. Spores densities in 100 g of soil were respectively high (138.66 to 398 spores) in Bouaflé (Marahoué) and low (65.66 to 211 spores) in the soil samples from Bouaké (Gbêkê) and Ferké (Tchologo). Yellowish spores were the most abundant (65.37%). The same is true for spores of 90 μm diameter (62.72%). On the basis of the morphometric characteristics of the spores, 17 genres of AMF belonging to 13 families were identified in all the analyzed corn rhizospheres. However, the family of Glomeraceae represented by the genres Glomus, Funneliformis, Septoglomus, and Rhizophagus as well as the families of Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae represented, respectively, by the genres Acaulospora and Gigaspora are the most abundant. These data allow the identification of the types of AMF and their optimum densities to be used for soil amendment in order to improve corn crop yields.
Abstract: Maize cultivation plays an important socio-economic role in Côte d’Ivoire. It is the staple food of many Ivorian populations. The national production, from around 661,285 tonnes in 2013, increased to 1,025,000 tonnes in 2017. However, maize cultivation suffers from several problems, including the decline in soil fertility. To overcome these constra...
Show More
-
Organic and Hydrogel Soil Amendments for Winter Wheat Adaption to Drought Stress
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
181-198
Received:
1 August 2022
Accepted:
29 August 2022
Published:
19 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221005.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The recent dry years in Europe have illustrated the urgent need to secure agricultural yields. In order to achieve good plant growth without overusing resources such as water or fertilizer, the approach to the improvement of the soil could be a good alternative. Winter wheat is the most common cultivated crop in northern Germany. For this reason, a new organic soil amendment based on tree compartments and one with polymers for water retention were tested for their effectiveness in reducing effects of drought stress during three vegetation periods (2016-2018). It was examined whether their use can reduce or substitute irrigation and leads to better yields. The experiments were carried out in controlled nursery conditions with 8 replicates and under two irrigation regimes, well-watered with 64 l/m² in 4 month and controlled water restriction (9,6 l/m² in 4 month) during vegetative growth. Biometric plant parameters such as the SPAD (single-photon avalanche diode) value, plant height, over- and underground biomass and grain yield were used to compare the variants. Initially, both components were tested separately to be used in combination in the second and third year. When both amendments were used, results showed same plant heights, 10% more biomass and 25% more yield by water deficit compared to treatments without additives. The organic component promoted the chlorophyll value from 35 to 45. The experiments showed that this both soil amendments can lead to a grain yield of 70% compared to irrigated variants and to good wheat growth during drought.
Abstract: The recent dry years in Europe have illustrated the urgent need to secure agricultural yields. In order to achieve good plant growth without overusing resources such as water or fertilizer, the approach to the improvement of the soil could be a good alternative. Winter wheat is the most common cultivated crop in northern Germany. For this reason, a...
Show More
-
Brachiaria Grass Herbage Yield Potential and Nutritional Quality at Midland Agro Ecology of East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia
Tolera Fikadu,
Wubshet Tesfaye,
Melese Furgasa,
Worku Bekuma,
Fraol Legesse
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
199-203
Received:
20 July 2022
Accepted:
10 August 2022
Published:
27 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221005.16
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Livestock production in the Eastern Oromia of Ethiopia depends mainly on natural pastures and crop residues which are poor in quality and quantity particularly during dry season. Therefore, it need introduction of alternative improved forages of high quality and quantity which are adapted to the areas. Thus, the activity was conducted at three districts of East Hararghe Zone located in midland agro ecology to identify and select the best Brachiaria grass accession/s for dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive quality for these areas. Four brachiaria Urochloa decumbens accessions (ILRI-10871, ILRI-13205, ILRI-14721 and ILRI-14720) and five brachiaria Urochloa ruziziensis accessions (ILRI-13332, ILRI-14743, ILRI-10871, ILRI-14774, LRI-14813) and one local check were evaluated. The accessions were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Tiller numbers, plant height, forage dry matter yield and plot covers were recorded at their respective recommended stages. The brachiaria accessions had significant (p<0.05) effect on plot cover, plant height, tiller number, dry matter yield and in nutritional contents. Based on the current result, higher herbage DM yield (17.83 t/ha) was recorded from Brachiaria Urochloa ruziziensis ILRI-14813 followed by Urochloa decumbens ILRI-14721 (16.57 t/ha), while lower herbage dry matter yield (7.27 t/ha) was received from Urochloa decumbens ILRI-1087. The chemical composition of the grass was also varied significantly among the tested brachiaria grass accessions. Accordingly, the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF %) content was recorded by the local check while the highest acid detergent fiber (ADF %) content was obtained by Urochloa ruziziensis ILRI-14743 and Urochloa ruziziensis ILRI-14774. The concentration of crude protein (CP %) also varied significantly among the brachiaria grass accessions ranging from 10.49%-14.45%. The highest crude protein yield was recorded by U. decumbens ILRI-14721, U. decumbens ILRI-10871, U. ruziziensis ILRI-14743 and U. ruziziensis ILRI-14813 while the lowest was obtained by U. decumbens ILRI-13205. Generally, the grass accessions Urochloa ruziziensis ILRI-14813 and Urochloa decumbens ILRI-14721 were well adapted and productive in regarding to herbage yield and nutritional quality. Therefore, these grass accessions were hopeful to fill the gap of low quantity and quality of animal feed supply of the study area. Thus, these two grasses are recommended for the midland agro ecology of East Hararghe zone of Oromia and other areas with similar agro ecologies.
Abstract: Livestock production in the Eastern Oromia of Ethiopia depends mainly on natural pastures and crop residues which are poor in quality and quantity particularly during dry season. Therefore, it need introduction of alternative improved forages of high quality and quantity which are adapted to the areas. Thus, the activity was conducted at three dist...
Show More
-
Maize Hybrids Agronomic Performance Using Lines by Testers in Mali Sudano-Sahelian Zone
Mamadou Mory Coulibaly,
Moussa Bakary Coulibaly,
Laban Konate,
Sory Sissoko
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
204-209
Received:
1 October 2022
Accepted:
17 October 2022
Published:
27 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221005.17
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Mali is a developing country where the agricultural sector occupies approximately more than 80% of the population. The lack of structure specialized in the production of improved seeds and the organization of producers, the irregularity and the poor distribution of the rains constitute a concern for all the actors concerned. This work is based on the agronomic performance maize hybrids. It is a question of producing hybrid varieties from lines resulting from the local populations of Mali. In this work, trials were conducted in Sotuba with 20 genotypes in two planting dates. Genotypes were composed of single cross hybrids having two testers in common, namely TZI1876 and V481-73. Proper choice of parents for hybridization is a necessity for the development of high yielding maize varieties. Twelve morphological and agronomic traits were studied in a lines/testers crossing scheme where the testers were females and the lines were males. The general objective of this study is to contribute to increase maize productivity in Mali Sudano-Sahelian zone. The experimental design was Randomized complete Block Design. The observations focused on following traits: Plant height, day to anthesis, day to silk, plant height, ear height, plants aspect, ears aspect, and grain yield. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference for ear height, day to anthesis, day to silk, grain yield, plant aspect. The best hybrid was TZI1876/1368+PAC.
Abstract: Mali is a developing country where the agricultural sector occupies approximately more than 80% of the population. The lack of structure specialized in the production of improved seeds and the organization of producers, the irregularity and the poor distribution of the rains constitute a concern for all the actors concerned. This work is based on t...
Show More
