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Studies into Potassium Management for Sugarcane Production in Northeast Thailand Based on Factory Juice Analysis Combined with Cultivation Experiment
Kenta Watanabe,
Chaiwat Ngasan,
Samran Saensupo,
Klanarong Sriroth
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
239-247
Received:
29 August 2019
Accepted:
16 September 2019
Published:
26 September 2019
Abstract: Potassium (K) is one of the essential nutrients for plants; nevertheless, it has been reported that overdoses of K fertilizer have resulted in impaired sugarcane juice quality and a reduction in the efficiency of sugar processing. Therefore, to maximize sugar production per unit area, K levels in sugarcane should be kept just adequate. The aim of this study was to propose a practical method of K fertilizer management based on the nutritional status of sugarcane juice. First, we conducted a pot experiment treating sugarcane with different K fertilizers (potassium chloride, KCl and potassium sulfate, K2SO4) and K rates (0, 2, 10, 30, and 50 g pot-1). Raising KCl rates caused considerably negative impacts on not only the quality but the yield as juice K concentration exceeded 2000 mg L-1, whereas the effects of the K2SO4 treatments were less severe. Second, we collected sugarcane juice at a raw sugar factory over 2 years. Because of its ease of measurement, electrical conductivity was used to deduce juice K concentration. The juice analysis revealed that more than 60% of the samples possessed K concentrations higher than 2000 mg L-1, and the relationship between juice K and sugarcane quality was significantly negative. These results indicate that impairments of sugarcane quality have probably been occurring in the actual fields. Given that sugarcane is generally fertilized with KCl, reducing K fertilizer dose should contribute to improving sugarcane quality and accordingly sugar yield when juice K is considered high.
Abstract: Potassium (K) is one of the essential nutrients for plants; nevertheless, it has been reported that overdoses of K fertilizer have resulted in impaired sugarcane juice quality and a reduction in the efficiency of sugar processing. Therefore, to maximize sugar production per unit area, K levels in sugarcane should be kept just adequate. The aim of t...
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Vegetative Propagation of Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet (Malvaceae) by Root Segments Cuttings: Effects of Mother Tree Diameter and Origin of Cuttings
Oumarou Haman Zéphirin,
Hamawa Yougouda,
Tsobou Roger,
Dangai Yohana,
Binwe Jean Baptiste,
Madi Amedi Damba Rodrigue,
Abdoulaye Herbert,
Wangbitching Jean De Dieu,
Fawa Guidawa,
Mapongmetsem Pierre Marie
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
248-258
Received:
23 June 2019
Accepted:
6 August 2019
Published:
11 October 2019
Abstract: B. costatum is a local species of great socio-economique importance whose flowers are consummed and commercialized in local and regional market. Despite its economical and social value in local communities, it is still in the wild stand in the Guinean Savannah Highlands of Cameroon. The objective of the study is to contribute to its domestication by root segments cuttings. Root system of the mother trees was carefully excavated and the root samples (0.5−1kg) for the carbohydrate analysis were collected monthly throughout the year. In addition, a total of 180 root segments cuttings (RSC) were collected from 20 parent trees of different diameters at breast height (dbh) (15 - 30 cm; 30.1 - 45 cm and > 45 cm) in «Gamba» and «Karna manga». The experimental design explorated was a split - plot with 03 replicates. The trial was conducted in a non mist polypropagator. The results reveal that among the carbohydrates evaluated, fructose decreased from the dry to the rainy seasons while soluble and total sugars move in inverse order. The first buds appear 08 weeks after planting. At the end of the essay, the highest budding rate (81.11±19.65%) was obtained in root segments cuttings from Karna manga against 68.33±34.88% in RSC from mother trees of dbh 30.1-45 cm. Regarding the origin of root segments cuttings by dbh of parent trees interaction, the budding rate varied significantly from 36.66±5.77% in RSC from mother trees of dbh 15.1-30 cm originated from Gamba to 100±0% in those from parent trees of the same dbh in Karna manga (0.0046 < 0.01). The average height of leafy shoots varied from 8.28±5.23 cm in RSC from Gamba to 11.91±7.35 cm in those from Karna manga. The rooting rate fluctuated from 3.33±2.53% in root segments cuttings from mother trees of dbh 30.1 - 45 cm and dbh > 45 cm originated respectively from Gamba and Karna manga to 50±26.45% in those from parent trees of dbh 15 - 30 cm from Karna manga. These results will help to elaborate appropriate domestication and conservation strategies of the species.
Abstract: B. costatum is a local species of great socio-economique importance whose flowers are consummed and commercialized in local and regional market. Despite its economical and social value in local communities, it is still in the wild stand in the Guinean Savannah Highlands of Cameroon. The objective of the study is to contribute to its domestication b...
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Woody Species Richness and Diversity Following Successional Stages at Jello-Muktar Dry Afromontane Forest, South-eastern Ethiopia
Muktar Mohammed,
Muktar Reshad,
Alemayehu Beyene
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
259-269
Received:
13 August 2019
Accepted:
29 August 2019
Published:
12 October 2019
Abstract: The study was carried out at 8055’N-9005’N latitude and 40050’E-40051’E longitude, at Jello-Muktar dry Afromontane forest South eastern Ethiopia to analyze changes in species composition, diversity and species richness under three successional stages. Three sites were selected each with 10 sample plots from each succssional stage. The average distance between the plots was 200 m and the radius was 30m. In each plot, identification, counting and measurement of diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees and shrubs (DBH≥10cm) was conducted. Comparison of richness (S) between sites and successional stages was analyzed by Chao2 estimator and Rarefaction was performed to compare species richness among sites and successional stages, for unequal number of individuals in sites. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) and the Pielou indices (E) were used to assess the species diversity and evenness indices. A total of 114 species corresponding to 76 tree and 38 shrub species were recorded in the three successional stages. The MS forest was found to have the highest species richness followed by IS and ES successional stages. Analysis of Chao 2 estimator revealed that an average of 89.6% of the total species expected had been found for each successional stage. The MS sites were also found to have the highest mean H’ and H’E indices. The Overall mean measure of evenness was about 0.86 which indicates that the relative homogeneity of the species in the samples was 86% of the maximum possible even population. Different conservation priorities should be implemented to maintain plant species at different successional stages.
Abstract: The study was carried out at 8055’N-9005’N latitude and 40050’E-40051’E longitude, at Jello-Muktar dry Afromontane forest South eastern Ethiopia to analyze changes in species composition, diversity and species richness under three successional stages. Three sites were selected each with 10 sample plots from each succssional stage. The average dista...
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The Change of Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Cocoa Vinegar During Fermentation of Pulp Liquids by Adding Tape Yeast
Gusti Putu Ganda-Putra,
Ni Made Wartini
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
270-276
Received:
2 October 2019
Accepted:
21 October 2019
Published:
25 October 2019
Abstract: The pulp liquids as a by-product of cocoa beans fermentation is potential to be used as a raw material for making cocoa vinegar, but unfortunately the content of acetic acid is relatively low and there have been no studies related to antioxidant activities. The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of addition of tape yeast and fermentation time of pulp liquids to the changes of characteristics and antioxidant activities of cocoa vinegar and to define the best treatments of the addition of tape yeast and fermentation time for making cacao vinegar. The experiment in this study used factorial Group Randomized Design (GRD) with 2 factors. Factor I is the addition of tape yeast consisting of 5 levels, namely: without tape yeast (control), addition of 0.05; 0.10; 0.15 and 0.20% (w/v) and factor II is fermentation time which consists of 6 levels, namely: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days. The characteristics of cacao vinegar observed were as stated in SNI 01-437-1996, including: acetic acid, acidity (pH), total soluble solid (TSS), total sugar, and alcohol; and the antioxidant activity, namely: total phenolic and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that: (1) the changes in the characteristics of cocoa vinegar consisting of acetic acid content, acidity (pH), total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar content, and alcohol content; and the antioxidant activity based on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity occurred during fermentation with the addition of tape yeast, (2) the best treatment for making cocoa vinegar is the addition of 0.10% tape yeast and 25 days fermentation time, with its characteristics namely: 4.09±0.01% acetic acid content, acidity (pH) of 3.40±0.00, TSS of 5.05±0.07 (oBrix), 0.49±0.02% total sugar content, and 0.00% alcohol content; and antioxidant activities, namely: total phenolic content of 78.94±6.54 (mg/100g GAE) and antioxidant capacity of 12.50±0.14 (mg/L GAEAC).
Abstract: The pulp liquids as a by-product of cocoa beans fermentation is potential to be used as a raw material for making cocoa vinegar, but unfortunately the content of acetic acid is relatively low and there have been no studies related to antioxidant activities. The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of addition of tape yeast and...
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The Valuation of Genetic Diversity in Tarchonanthus camphoratus Plant Using ISSR Markers in Taif, KSA
Hatim Matouq Alyasi,
Rahmah Nasser Alqthanin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
277-281
Received:
1 September 2019
Accepted:
5 October 2019
Published:
8 November 2019
Abstract: Genetic variation among T. camphoratus individual plant samples collected from Taif region, Saudi Arabia was assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Eleven ISSR primers were used to evaluate T. camphoratus samples. The number of polymorphic bands per primer varied from 5 to 16, with 10.3 bands per primer on average. Nei’s genetic distance between T. camphoratus samples ranged from 0.03 to 0.94. According to genetic similarity and intraspecific differentiation, the 15 T. camphoratus were grouped into two main different clusters with about 0.67 genetic similarity. It was not possible to classify the samples according to their geographic origin, showing that there is no structure in the gene bank. Cluster analysis is indicating good resolution of genetic diversity in Tarchonanthus germplasm using ISSR markers. Our results indicate that ISSR can be useful for genetic diversity studies, to provide practical information for parental selection, biodiversity and to assist breeding and conservation strategies.
Abstract: Genetic variation among T. camphoratus individual plant samples collected from Taif region, Saudi Arabia was assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Eleven ISSR primers were used to evaluate T. camphoratus samples. The number of polymorphic bands per primer varied from 5 to 16, with 10.3 bands per primer on average. Nei’s geneti...
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Woody Species Diversity and Composition of Dry Woodland Vegetation in West Shewa, Central Ethiopia: Implications for Their Sustainable Management
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
282-289
Received:
31 August 2019
Accepted:
4 October 2019
Published:
15 November 2019
Abstract: The dry land forest of Ethiopia possesses diverse tree species that are known for their ecological and economic values. Despite growing recognition of environmental and economic benefits of these species, the woodland harbouring these species is degrading. Adequate knowledge on the resource base including the current status of its population is crucial for sustainable management of the forest resource. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the diversity and composition of woody species in Kara dry lands forest. A total of 90 quadrants were established along transect lines. A 400 m2 quadrants was used, distance between quadrants and transecting lines were 200 m and 500 m respectively. Species diversity and evenness, density, frequency, important value and regeneration status were assessed. This study reveals total of 48 woody species representing 23 families and 31 genera’s were found. Out of that, 13 woody species were identified as gum and resin bearing species. The genus of Commiphora and Acacia species were found to be the dominant gum and resin bearing species at the study area. Diversity of the entire woody species assemblage and of the gum- and resin-bearing species was H= 3.47 and H= 2.3 respectively. The evenness values of entire and gum and resin producing woody species were 0.67 and 0.77 respectively. The gum and resin producing woody species accounted for 44.56% of the density, 49.87% of the basal area and 45.49% of the Importance Value Index. However, we recorded the declining natural regeneration of most gum- and resin-bearing woody species except for a small number of species, which exhibited signs of healthy populations. Generally, the results of the present study highlighted the absence of conservation actions that will probably be subject to a progressive decline of gum and resin bearing species because of uncontrolled grazing, charcoal production and shifting cultivation. Therefore, proper management plan and domestication of the species through artificial regeneration and area closure are urgently needed.
Abstract: The dry land forest of Ethiopia possesses diverse tree species that are known for their ecological and economic values. Despite growing recognition of environmental and economic benefits of these species, the woodland harbouring these species is degrading. Adequate knowledge on the resource base including the current status of its population is cru...
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Forest Vegetation Profile for Springs Preservation in Arjuna Mount, East Java-Indonesia
Matheus Nugroho,
Soemarno,
Harsuko Riniwati,
Aminudin Afandhi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
290-296
Received:
6 September 2019
Accepted:
5 November 2019
Published:
15 November 2019
Abstract: The research objectives was to determine Arjuna mount forest vegetation profile for preservation of the area around the spring. The method used was descriptive method. While based on the techniques and tools used to research, the author uses the survey method to obtain facts that occur in the research area, namely in the area around the springs of Arjuna mount, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. Data obtained in the field are then processed and analyzed using GIS, ArcView 3.3 and Google Earth programs. The results of the study explain that the condition of the land slope and the land depth of the Arjuna mount forest provide benefits to the growth and development of plant vegetation profiles. Forest revegetation of with several activities including selection of plant species, nurseries, fertilizing, planting and care provide benefits to the growth and development of plant vegetation profiles. The vegetation profile of the Arjuna mount forest plant provides benefits to the preservation of the area around the springs.
Abstract: The research objectives was to determine Arjuna mount forest vegetation profile for preservation of the area around the spring. The method used was descriptive method. While based on the techniques and tools used to research, the author uses the survey method to obtain facts that occur in the research area, namely in the area around the springs of ...
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Study on Performance of Bio-based Adhesive for Bonding Tree Leaves
Yifu Yuan,
Yan Sun,
Muxuan Li,
Yuhan Sun,
Runan Zhang,
Fang Sun,
An Mao,
Qi Li,
Jiabin Zhang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
297-303
Received:
31 October 2019
Accepted:
20 November 2019
Published:
25 November 2019
Abstract: The traditional disposable foam plastic tableware is made from polymer materials. It is not decomposable and could bring serious problem to environment after the tableware is disposed. In order to solve this problem, a new type of green tableware made fromnatural materials (such as tree leaves) is developed and investigated. To obtain a green tableware product with good performance, the keytechnology is the bonding of tree leaves. In this study, the tree leaves were bonded by a type of bio-based adhesive synthesized in our lab. The structure, curing characteristics, and physical/mechanical properties of the adhesive were measured and analyzed. The effects of adhesive application rate, press time, and press temperature on the bonding performance of tree leaves were also investigated. The results showed that the general properties of the bio-based adhesive could meet the requirements for the production of tree leave tableware. After immerged in the water of 63°C for 3 hours, some of the bonded leaves could still have good bonds. Considering the production efficiency, cost, decorative effect, and bond performance, the optimal pressing parameters were: adhesive application rate: 100 g/m2; hot press temperature 70°C; hot press time 120 s. After bonded by bio-based adhesive, the tree leaves could be used as suitableraw materials for the production of green tableware.
Abstract: The traditional disposable foam plastic tableware is made from polymer materials. It is not decomposable and could bring serious problem to environment after the tableware is disposed. In order to solve this problem, a new type of green tableware made fromnatural materials (such as tree leaves) is developed and investigated. To obtain a green table...
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Properties of Fiberboards Bonded by Decomposed Polyurethane Foams and Isocyanate
Tongtong Cui,
Yan Li,
Yanfang Pang,
Xiaosheng Liu,
Huidong Su,
An Mao,
Qi Li,
Yifu Yuan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
315-320
Received:
7 November 2019
Accepted:
22 November 2019
Published:
4 December 2019
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using recycled polyols as part of the binder system for wood panels (fiberboard). PU foam wastes from disposed insulation materials were collected, processed, and chemically decomposed by agent to obtain the recycled polyol. The recycled polyol was mixed with a commercial polyol at various weight ratios (0: 100, 20: 80, 40: 60, 60: 40, 80: 20, and 100: 0) to prepare a series of polyol mixtures. Then, the obtained polyol mixtures were then sprayed successively with pMDI resin at various pMDI/polyol mixtures weight ratios (100: 0, 75: 25, and 50: 50) onto wood fibers to prepare fiberboards. The effects of recycled polyol/commercial polyol weight ratio and pMDI/polyol mixture weight ratio on physical and mechanical properties of bonded fiberboards were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of recycled polyol into a commercial polyol helped improve the IB, MOR, and MOE strength of fiberboard, but their effects on water resistance of fiberboard were minor. With the increase of percentage of polyol mixture in pMDI/polyol mixture, the properties of fiberboard presented a trend of decreasing. When the recycled polyol/commercial polyol weight ratio was 40: 60 and the pMDI/polyol mixture was 25: 75, the bonded fiberboard had the overall best physical and mechanical performances. The application of decomposed PU foams in fiberboard production provided a new possible way of recycling polymer wastes.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using recycled polyols as part of the binder system for wood panels (fiberboard). PU foam wastes from disposed insulation materials were collected, processed, and chemically decomposed by agent to obtain the recycled polyol. The recycled polyol was mixed with a commercial polyol at v...
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Ecological Characterization of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Agroforestry Parklands in the Cacheu Region (Guinea Bissau)
Boubacar Sagna,
Daouda Ngom,
Boubacar Camara,
Antoine Sambou,
Mamadou Abdoul Ader Diedhiou,
Mamadou Goudiaby,
Abdou Seydou Mane,
Yvan Le Coq
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
321-329
Received:
19 November 2019
Accepted:
5 December 2019
Published:
16 December 2019
Abstract: Elaeis guineensis Jacq is a species of palm commonly called oil palm. It is a source of many products and services. It is used in agroforestry systems. The Elaeis guineensis Jacq parklands or palm groves occupy an important place in the livelihoods of the local population of Guinea Bissau especially in the region of Cacheu where important natural formations were found. However, despite the socio-economic importance of these parklands, their dynamics in the region have been poorly studied. It is in this context that the present study was initiated with the objective of evaluating the current state of the Elaeis guineensis parklands in the region through an ecological characterization. To this end, 90 vegetation surveys of 2500 m2 were carried out in six villages in three sectors of the region, for a total area of 22.5 ha. These surveys revealed a high floristic diversity in the Elaeis guineensis parks in the region. Thus, 75 species divided into 63 genera belonging to 25 families were registered. The parklands are also characterized by a high density of Elaeis guineensis with 775 individuals / ha and 90% of which consist of young plants that often do not reach adulthood. In addition to the difficulties associated with poor recruitment of regeneration, populations of Elaeis guineensis are under heavy human pressure in the area. The mortality rate and the anthropization index, which are respectively 15.97% and 23.35%. These combined factors reveal a certain fragility of the Elaeis guineensis parklands in the Cacheu region. Hence the need to make the inventory that is a prerequisite for any strategy of recovery and sustainable exploitation of the species in order to sustain these production systems.
Abstract: Elaeis guineensis Jacq is a species of palm commonly called oil palm. It is a source of many products and services. It is used in agroforestry systems. The Elaeis guineensis Jacq parklands or palm groves occupy an important place in the livelihoods of the local population of Guinea Bissau especially in the region of Cacheu where important natural f...
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