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Effects of Iron on the Productivity of Lowland Rice (O. sativa L.) in Segregating Populations
Efisue Andrew,
Ogunwole Dorcas,
Olaoye Olawale
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
91-99
Received:
30 May 2020
Accepted:
11 June 2020
Published:
20 June 2020
Abstract: Rice plants have the tendency of taking up iron in the form of Fe2+, which is prevalent in paddy fields under flooded environments. But its deficiency or in excess of Fe2+ in the soil affect several physiological functions of the plant. The objective of the study was to evaluates the effect of three ferrous sulphate concentration levels on the yield and yield components of lowland segregating rice populations. Three experiments were established in screenhouse concurrently in randomized complete block design in three replications in pots. Treatment comprised of 6 breeding lines each from two rice populations of F2 and F3 generations and two popular checks. Experiment one is the control without FeSO4 treatment, while experiment two and three are F2 and F3 populations, respectively treated with FeSO4 solution. Three concentration levels of FeSO4 solution (600mg/kg of soil, 1200mg/kg of soil, and 1800mg/kg of soil,) were applied into each pots a week before transplanting in the treated experiments. Remarkable reduction in effective tiller number at 1800mg of Fe stress relative to the control was observed of 42.6% and 42.9% in F2 and F3 population, respectively. Significant reduction in grain yield of 33.5% and 36.4% at 1800mg of Fe compared to the control in F2 and F3 populations, respectively. The study showed that at 1200mg of Fe could be optimal for rice crop performance and at 1800mg of Fe becomes toxic to the plant as observed significant reduction in all agronomic traits especially in total grain yield. In F2 and F3 population, UPN 59, UPIA 2 and UPN 95 where the most stable genotypes across iron concentration levels. These genotypes could be used in population development for iron breeding programme.
Abstract: Rice plants have the tendency of taking up iron in the form of Fe2+, which is prevalent in paddy fields under flooded environments. But its deficiency or in excess of Fe2+ in the soil affect several physiological functions of the plant. The objective of the study was to evaluates the effect of three ferrous sulphate concentration levels on the yiel...
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Effect of Organic Manure and Potting Media on Germination and Early Growth of Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell
Rotowa Odunayo James,
Adeagbo Ayobami Akorede,
Adegoke Idowu Abimbola,
Omoake Paul Omoh
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
100-107
Received:
17 February 2020
Accepted:
11 March 2020
Published:
28 June 2020
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out to determine the growth response of Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell. to organic manure and potting media. The experiment was conducted within the Nursery site of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Nasarawa State University Lafia. Sampled seedlings were systematically numbered and tagged for easy identification and enumeration, the experiment was laid out in a 4×2×5 factorial experiment in a randomized completely block design (RCBD). Analysis of variance was used to show the comparative performance of each the treatment and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) to locate where the significant differences occur among the means. The plant variables assessed are; collar girth, plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area. The result of growth with respect to treatment revealed that poultry dropping performed better with mean value of 31.26±8.78 in plant height, 2.02±0.99 in collar girth, 10.42±2.38 leaf count, 7.04±0.91, in leaf length 4.26±0.88 in leaf width and 30.68±9.30 for leaf area. It was further revelled that big size polythene pot (16 by 10cm) with mean value (plant height 29.86±9.51, collar girth 2.05±1.14, leaf count 10.26±2.82, leaf length 7.25±1.32, leaf width 4.56±0.92 and leaf area 33.99±11.36) recorded the highest and best germination. It is recommended that big size pot and poultry droppings should be adopted in raising Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell.
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out to determine the growth response of Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell. to organic manure and potting media. The experiment was conducted within the Nursery site of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Nasarawa State University Lafia. Sampled seedlings were systematically numbered and tagged for easy ide...
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Evaluation of Different Blended Fertilizers Types and Rates for Better Production of Wheat in Lemu Woreda
Yehuala Alemneh,
Zerihun Achiso,
Tsadiku Bamud
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
108-111
Received:
29 February 2020
Accepted:
23 April 2020
Published:
28 June 2020
Abstract: Ethiopia is likely to rely on the agricultural sector as a source of income and employment for the foreseeable future requiring optimal and up to date fertilizer recommendation packages for all crops given the fact that increasing small holder farmers’ productivity. The field experiment was conducted during 2017/18 cropping season at Hadiya zone lemu woreda testing site of Areka Agricultural Research center, southern Ethiopia to evaluate the effect of blended fertilizer on yield of wheat with the treatments of six replicated three times in RCBD design. The treatments were: control (no fertilizer), NPS (92 N, 54 P2O5, 10 S), and four rates of NPSB (46 N, 54 P2O5, 10 S, 1.07 B; 69 N, 72 P2O5, 13 S, 1.4 B, and 92 N, 90 P2O5, 17 S, 1.7 B). The plot size was 4 m by 4 m (16 m2) andthespacing between plots and blocks was 50 cm and 100 cm, respectively. The result of this experiment has substantiated the importance of application of NPSB (combination of B with macronutrients NPS) fertilizers in improving yield of wheat in the study area. Despite the need of verification in multi-locations and soil types for wider use, application of NPSB can be recommended for wheat production in the study area.
Abstract: Ethiopia is likely to rely on the agricultural sector as a source of income and employment for the foreseeable future requiring optimal and up to date fertilizer recommendation packages for all crops given the fact that increasing small holder farmers’ productivity. The field experiment was conducted during 2017/18 cropping season at Hadiya zone le...
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Effect of Seed Rate and Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Metema, West Gondar, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
112-125
Received:
6 May 2020
Accepted:
8 June 2020
Published:
6 July 2020
Abstract: Rice is among the most important commercial cereal crops that can be produced in North Gondar. However, its production is challenged by low yield mainly due to lack of appropriate agronomic practices and recommendations. Uses of appropriate seed rate and row spacing most importantly affect the productivity of rice. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of seed rate and row spacing on grain yield and yield components of upland rice. Factorial combinations of four seed rates (60, 80,100 and 120 kg ha-1) and three levels of row spacing (20, 25 and 30 cm) were laid out in RCBD with three replications using NERICA- 4 rice variety. The combine interaction effect of seed rate and row spacing was highly significant (P<0.01) on days to heading, days to maturity, number of total tiller per meter row length, thousand seed weight and grain yield, and significant (P<0.05) on plant height. The highest thousand seed weight (27.3 g) was recorded at seeding rate (80 kg ha-1and grow spacing of 30 cm but the lowest (17.1 g) was recorded on seed rate of 120 kg ha-1and row spacing of 25 cm. The highest grain yield (4148.8 kg ha-1) was obtained at interaction of 80 kg ha-1seed rate and 20cm row spacing. While the lowest grains yield (1826.4 kg ha-1) was obtained from the combination of 60 kg ha-1seed rate and 30cm row spacing. In conclusion, the results revealed that seed rate and row spacing increased grain yield of rice by positively affecting the important yield components of the rice. The result of economic analysis showed that the maximum net benefit was obtained at seed rate of 80 kg ha-1 and row spacing of 20 cm. Hence use of 80 kg ha-1 and 20 cm is promising for upland rice variety production under the rain fed condition at Metema district and similar agro ecologies.
Abstract: Rice is among the most important commercial cereal crops that can be produced in North Gondar. However, its production is challenged by low yield mainly due to lack of appropriate agronomic practices and recommendations. Uses of appropriate seed rate and row spacing most importantly affect the productivity of rice. Therefore, a field experiment was...
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Study on Sustainable Development of Forest Products Industry Based on Circular Economy
Weitao Xu,
Feng Shi,
An Mao,
Yifu Yuan
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
126-130
Received:
21 June 2020
Accepted:
4 July 2020
Published:
23 July 2020
Abstract: China is a country with insufficient forest resources, small forest area, small number of resources and unbalanced regional distribution. China is also a typical big country of forest products production and consumption, and also the largest forest products processing and production base, and the most important forest products processing and export country in the world. The development of forest product industry needs to consume a lot of forest resources, and the traditional industry mainly depends on the supply of natural forest. Modern forest product industry is an industry that makes full use of advanced science and technology, based on the principle of circular economy, efficiently uses and recycles forest resources to meet the increasing demand of human beings for forest products. The sustainable development of forest product industry in China needs circular economy. Circular economy is the fundamental way to solve the contradiction between economic development and ecological environment. This paper introduced the basic concept of circular economy and the general situation of the development of modern forest product industry. The necessity of the development of circular economy and the realization of sustainable development of forest product industry were discussed. Suggestions were also put forward for the realization of circular economy in forest product industry.
Abstract: China is a country with insufficient forest resources, small forest area, small number of resources and unbalanced regional distribution. China is also a typical big country of forest products production and consumption, and also the largest forest products processing and production base, and the most important forest products processing and export...
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Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840)
Anju Dennis Teryila,
Cheikyula Joseph,
Animem William,
Makeri Victoria Averen,
Odo Joel
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
131-136
Received:
12 June 2020
Accepted:
22 June 2020
Published:
28 July 2020
Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the commencement of the experiment. The fish were fed once a day at 9.00 hours at 4% body weight during the period of acclimatization. Each tank containing acclimatization water was aerated to enhance dissolved oxygen, and water was changed daily to prevent metabolic waste build up. Experimental fish were starved for 24 hours prior to sedation to prevent regurgitation from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Four healthy Hetetobranchus longifilis were selected randomly from both the control and treatment groups. Each fish was weighted and injected 0.05ml of aqueous and freeze-dried leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/ℓ using №. 23 needle and a 2ml heparinized syringe. Injection was done intramuscularly (IM) at the dorsal saddle just above the lateral line behind the operculum. Fish in the control group were injected with distilled water. Injected fish were observed for behavioural responses. The result showed that H. longifilis injected with the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retension of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time decreased with increasing concentration of the anaesthetic extract. The recovery time followed the reverse order. The opercular beat rates, before and after sedation in the treatment groups showed increase over that in the control group and it increased with increasing concentration. The result of the experiment with aqueous leaf extract showed that there was no significant difference in opercular beat rate after sedation in all centrations used (P>0.05). The result also showed that at higher concentration (0.06g/ℓ) induction was time 44.67 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time was 83.70 seconds. In the case of the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii the induction at concentration 0.06g/ℓ was 49.33 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time 76.67 seconds.
Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the comme...
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Impact of the Conservation of Iroko (Miliciaexcelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg, Moraceae) on the Fertility of Cocoa-growing Soils in Agroforests of Djèkro (Center-West, Côte d'Ivoire)
Akedrin Tetchi Nicaise,
Akotto Odi Faustin,
Kouassi Kouadio Claude
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
137-143
Received:
22 June 2020
Accepted:
14 July 2020
Published:
28 July 2020
Abstract: The present study aims to determine the spatial gradient of organic matter in soil-litter mixtures as a function of the distance to iroko associated with cocoa trees. The demonstration of the preservation of iroko is carried out thanks to a floristic inventory and a survey ethnobotany from 323 farmers. The fertility of cocoa-growing soils was estimated using spatial organic matter measurement in 12 cocoa plantations of 1,5 to 2 ha associated with iroko. A total of 48 composite litter samples were collected at 20 cm along the spatial gradient of the iroko at distances of 1-2 m, 2-4 m and 4-6,5 m and then in the control (without iroko). With 73% of citation, populations are favorable to its preservation in cocoa agroforests. Prized for its artisanal and medicinal uses, it improves soil fertility outside the shade provided to cocoa trees. Its average organic matter content in cocoa-growing soils is very significant. The spatial gradient of M. excelsa has had a significant impact on the amount of organic matter less than 6% in the iroko rhizosphere while it reaches 6 to 8% in cocoa trees. Its preservation in cocoa trees contributes to improving the properties of poor soils. However, differential processes ultimately affect the decomposition rates of organic matter, hence the separation of cocoa trees by at least 10 m to benefit from the supply of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus ions.
Abstract: The present study aims to determine the spatial gradient of organic matter in soil-litter mixtures as a function of the distance to iroko associated with cocoa trees. The demonstration of the preservation of iroko is carried out thanks to a floristic inventory and a survey ethnobotany from 323 farmers. The fertility of cocoa-growing soils was estim...
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Pedological Characterization and Suitability Assessment for Cassava Production in Bukoba, Missenyi and Biharamulo Districts, Tanzania
Mgeta Steven Merumba,
Balthazar Michael Msanya,
Ernest Semu,
Johnson Mashambo Semoka
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
144-166
Received:
30 June 2020
Accepted:
13 July 2020
Published:
28 July 2020
Abstract: A study was conducted in Bukoba, Missenyi and Biharamulo Districts, Tanzania with the objectives of characterizing, classifying and assessing the suitability of the study area for cassava production. A reconnaissance field survey using transect walks and auger observations was done in the study sites, which were geo-referenced in terms of international coordinates using Global Positioning System. Soil profiles representative of the study sites were excavated and named as MARU-P1, MISSE-P1 and BIHA-P1 for Bukoba, Missenyi and Biharamulo Districts, respectively. Soil profile description and data on the morphological features of the representative soils were collected according to the FAO Guidelines for Soil Description. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from genetic soil horizons, processed and analyzed in a soil laboratory. Data on site characteristics, climate, soil morphological features and soil physical and chemical properties were used to classify the soils to the family level of the USDA Soil Taxonomy and to tier-2 of the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources. Soil suitability assessment of the experimental sites was done using a simple limitation method based on the FAO Framework for Land Evaluation. The results reveal that Pedons MARU-P1 and BIHA-P1 have similar morphological properties, which are different from pedon MISSE-P1. However, the studied pedons differ in their physical and chemical properties, implying differences in their use and management. The climate of the study sites is semi-humid with Udic soil moisture regime, which is generally favourable for crop production. According to the USDA Soil Taxonomy, pedons MARU-P1 and BIHA-P1 were classified as “Typic Kandiudults”. In addition, according to FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources, pedons MARU-P1 and BIHA-P1 were classified as “Haplic Ferralic Acrisols” and “Chromic Ferralic Acrisols”, respectively. Pedon MISSE-P1 was classified as “Typic Endoaquolls” according to USDA Soil Taxonomy and as “Fluvic Gleyic Phaeozems” according to FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources. Pedons MISSE-P1 and BIHA-P1 were both evaluated as marginally suitable while MARU-P1 pedon was evaluated as moderately suitable for cassava production due to soil fertility constraints. We recommended specific soil fertility management strategies in each studied site for optimum cassava yields.
Abstract: A study was conducted in Bukoba, Missenyi and Biharamulo Districts, Tanzania with the objectives of characterizing, classifying and assessing the suitability of the study area for cassava production. A reconnaissance field survey using transect walks and auger observations was done in the study sites, which were geo-referenced in terms of internati...
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Evaluates Effect of Amino Acids, Humic Acid and Antioxidants as Foliar Application on the Biochemical Content and Productivity of Wheat Under North Sinai Soils Conditions
Rehab Helmy Hegab,
Hassan Abd El-atty Fawy,
Ashraf Ahmed Mohamed Habib
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
167-174
Received:
24 June 2020
Accepted:
13 July 2020
Published:
30 July 2020
Abstract: Biostimulants are products that increase plant growth, resistance to water and abiotic stresses. it compositions, such as humic acids, amino acids, Ascorbic acids and other compounds. These substances cause changes in fundamental and structural processes to influence plant growth through enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses and increase grain yield. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of the foliar application of amino, humic and ascorbic acids with mineral fertilizers on growth, yield and chemical composition of wheat. The filed investigation was carried out at Baloza Research Station of the Desert Research Center, North Sinai, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2019/2020. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design, with three replicates. The results obtained the yield components, total antioxidants, total phenol and nutrients concentration of wheat were increased with increasing the organic acids and antioxidants rates. The beneficial effect of treatments was arranged descending by as follows; ascorbic acid (antioxidants) > amino acids > humic acid > control. The most effective treatment was Am2 AS2 with hum2 (ascorbic acid at 600 ppm) with amino and humic acids (at 600 ppm), which achieved 3.4 ton/fed grains of wheat. The foliar application of antioxidants recorded higher increases of yield parameters and nutrients content in straw and grains of wheat than amino acids and humic acid, while the humic acid showed the lowest effect.
Abstract: Biostimulants are products that increase plant growth, resistance to water and abiotic stresses. it compositions, such as humic acids, amino acids, Ascorbic acids and other compounds. These substances cause changes in fundamental and structural processes to influence plant growth through enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses and increase grain yie...
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Intercropping Coffee (Coffea arabica) and Korarima (Aframomum corrorima (Braun) P.C.M. Jansen) at Tepi, Southwest Ethiopia
Behailu Mekonnen,
Shiferaw Temteme,
Essubalew Getachew Seyum,
Anteneh Netsere,
Girma Hailemichael
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
175-180
Received:
22 July 2020
Accepted:
7 August 2020
Published:
13 August 2020
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Tepi, southwest Ethiopia, from 2013 – 2017, to determine optimum plant population yield of component crops and land productivity in the coffee/korarima intercropping system. Test crops were Catimore-J21 variety for coffee and a local variety of korarima. The experiment consisted of five treatments arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data collected were statistically analyzed using SAS computer software. The productivity of the system was evaluated using a land equivalent ratio. Results showed that the coffee yield was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by intercropping, while the growth of the coffee tree did not significantly affect by intercropping. Whereas, the growth and yield of korarima plants were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by intercropping except for plant height, length, and girth of fruit capsule. Accordingly, the higher coffee yield advantages were found from sole plots when compared with intercropped coffee plots and followed by 2 to 1 coffee and korarima intercropping ratio. Similarly, the advanced yield of korarima was recorded from sole stands followed by 1 to 2 coffee and korarima intercropping ratio. The maximum land equivalent ratio was recorded at a planting pattern of 2 to 1 coffee and korarima intercropping ratio as compared to other treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that intercropping of coffee with korarima is biologically and agronomically feasible, and the aforementioned treatment could be recommended for the study area. However, it is important to advise farmers in the area and similar agro-ecology to supplement irrigation water to the field especially during the dry spell period.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Tepi, southwest Ethiopia, from 2013 – 2017, to determine optimum plant population yield of component crops and land productivity in the coffee/korarima intercropping system. Test crops were Catimore-J21 variety for coffee and a local variety of korarima. The experiment consisted of five treatments arranged in a R...
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