The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the commencement of the experiment. The fish were fed once a day at 9.00 hours at 4% body weight during the period of acclimatization. Each tank containing acclimatization water was aerated to enhance dissolved oxygen, and water was changed daily to prevent metabolic waste build up. Experimental fish were starved for 24 hours prior to sedation to prevent regurgitation from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Four healthy Hetetobranchus longifilis were selected randomly from both the control and treatment groups. Each fish was weighted and injected 0.05ml of aqueous and freeze-dried leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/ℓ using №. 23 needle and a 2ml heparinized syringe. Injection was done intramuscularly (IM) at the dorsal saddle just above the lateral line behind the operculum. Fish in the control group were injected with distilled water. Injected fish were observed for behavioural responses. The result showed that H. longifilis injected with the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retension of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time decreased with increasing concentration of the anaesthetic extract. The recovery time followed the reverse order. The opercular beat rates, before and after sedation in the treatment groups showed increase over that in the control group and it increased with increasing concentration. The result of the experiment with aqueous leaf extract showed that there was no significant difference in opercular beat rate after sedation in all centrations used (P>0.05). The result also showed that at higher concentration (0.06g/ℓ) induction was time 44.67 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time was 83.70 seconds. In the case of the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii the induction at concentration 0.06g/ℓ was 49.33 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time 76.67 seconds.
| Published in | American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 8, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16 |
| Page(s) | 131-136 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Heterobranchus longifilis, Aqueous Leaf Extracts, Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts, Tephrosia Vogelii
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APA Style
Anju Dennis Teryila, Cheikyula Joseph, Animem William, Makeri Victoria Averen, Odo Joel. (2020). Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840). American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 8(4), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16
ACS Style
Anju Dennis Teryila; Cheikyula Joseph; Animem William; Makeri Victoria Averen; Odo Joel. Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840). Am. J. Agric. For. 2020, 8(4), 131-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16
AMA Style
Anju Dennis Teryila, Cheikyula Joseph, Animem William, Makeri Victoria Averen, Odo Joel. Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840). Am J Agric For. 2020;8(4):131-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16,
author = {Anju Dennis Teryila and Cheikyula Joseph and Animem William and Makeri Victoria Averen and Odo Joel},
title = {Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840)},
journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {131-136},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20200804.16},
abstract = {The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the commencement of the experiment. The fish were fed once a day at 9.00 hours at 4% body weight during the period of acclimatization. Each tank containing acclimatization water was aerated to enhance dissolved oxygen, and water was changed daily to prevent metabolic waste build up. Experimental fish were starved for 24 hours prior to sedation to prevent regurgitation from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Four healthy Hetetobranchus longifilis were selected randomly from both the control and treatment groups. Each fish was weighted and injected 0.05ml of aqueous and freeze-dried leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/ℓ using №. 23 needle and a 2ml heparinized syringe. Injection was done intramuscularly (IM) at the dorsal saddle just above the lateral line behind the operculum. Fish in the control group were injected with distilled water. Injected fish were observed for behavioural responses. The result showed that H. longifilis injected with the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retension of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time decreased with increasing concentration of the anaesthetic extract. The recovery time followed the reverse order. The opercular beat rates, before and after sedation in the treatment groups showed increase over that in the control group and it increased with increasing concentration. The result of the experiment with aqueous leaf extract showed that there was no significant difference in opercular beat rate after sedation in all centrations used (P>0.05). The result also showed that at higher concentration (0.06g/ℓ) induction was time 44.67 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time was 83.70 seconds. In the case of the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii the induction at concentration 0.06g/ℓ was 49.33 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time 76.67 seconds.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840) AU - Anju Dennis Teryila AU - Cheikyula Joseph AU - Animem William AU - Makeri Victoria Averen AU - Odo Joel Y1 - 2020/07/28 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16 DO - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16 T2 - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry JF - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry JO - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry SP - 131 EP - 136 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8591 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16 AB - The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the commencement of the experiment. The fish were fed once a day at 9.00 hours at 4% body weight during the period of acclimatization. Each tank containing acclimatization water was aerated to enhance dissolved oxygen, and water was changed daily to prevent metabolic waste build up. Experimental fish were starved for 24 hours prior to sedation to prevent regurgitation from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Four healthy Hetetobranchus longifilis were selected randomly from both the control and treatment groups. Each fish was weighted and injected 0.05ml of aqueous and freeze-dried leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/ℓ using №. 23 needle and a 2ml heparinized syringe. Injection was done intramuscularly (IM) at the dorsal saddle just above the lateral line behind the operculum. Fish in the control group were injected with distilled water. Injected fish were observed for behavioural responses. The result showed that H. longifilis injected with the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retension of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time decreased with increasing concentration of the anaesthetic extract. The recovery time followed the reverse order. The opercular beat rates, before and after sedation in the treatment groups showed increase over that in the control group and it increased with increasing concentration. The result of the experiment with aqueous leaf extract showed that there was no significant difference in opercular beat rate after sedation in all centrations used (P>0.05). The result also showed that at higher concentration (0.06g/ℓ) induction was time 44.67 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time was 83.70 seconds. In the case of the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii the induction at concentration 0.06g/ℓ was 49.33 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time 76.67 seconds. VL - 8 IS - 4 ER -
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