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Distribution and Importance Value Index of Woody Species Under Different Successional Stages at Jello-Muktar Dry Afromontane Forest, South-eastern Ethiopia
Muktar Reshad,
Muktar Muhammed,
Alemayehu Beyene
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
1-8
Received:
20 November 2019
Accepted:
27 December 2019
Published:
9 January 2020
Abstract: The study was carried out at 8°55’N-9°05’N latitude and 40°50’E-40°51’E longitude, South-Eastern Ethiopia at Jello-Muktar dry afromontane forest to assess variations in distributions and Importance Value Index of woody species under three successional stages. We laid out a total of 90 sample plots for the three suceestional stages. For each successional stage, three sites were selected each with 10 sample plots. The average distance between the plots was 200 m and each plot have radius of 30m. In each plots, identification, counting and measurement of diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees and shrubs (DBH≥ 10cm) was conducted. Analysis of The Importance Value Index (IVI) at different successional stages and sites was based on the frequency, density and dominance of each species at different successional stages. The result showed a gradual increase in the total number of trees and shrub species from the ES to the IS and MS succession and species of mature forests were present throughout the chrono-sequences of all stages. Species of Vernonia amygdalina, Juniperus procera, Olea africana, Olea capensis, Hagenia abyssinica, Prunus africana, Rosa abyssinica, Discopodium penninervium and Premna resinosa were found in all successional stages. In the ES succession, Vernonia amygdalina was the highest in terms of its IVI of 36.58 followed by Vernonia auriculifera (31.66) and Hagenia abyssinic (30.28). Species of Hagenia abyssinica had the highest IVI of 67 and 23 in IS and MS successions respectively. There must be conservation strategies and priorities for those species that occurred only once in one of the sites and species with low IVI in addition to the dominant ones.
Abstract: The study was carried out at 8°55’N-9°05’N latitude and 40°50’E-40°51’E longitude, South-Eastern Ethiopia at Jello-Muktar dry afromontane forest to assess variations in distributions and Importance Value Index of woody species under three successional stages. We laid out a total of 90 sample plots for the three suceestional stages. For each success...
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Effect of Iron Toxicity on Rice Growth in Sulfato-ferruginous Lowland of South Senegal
Sire Diedhiou,
Arfang Ousmane Kemo Goudiaby,
Yves Paterne Sagna,
Yaya Diatta,
Mariama Dalanda Diallo,
Ibrahima Ndoye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
9-14
Received:
30 December 2019
Accepted:
9 January 2020
Published:
4 February 2020
Abstract: Rice production in southern Senegal is mainly rain-fed and faces numerous constraints, including iron toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of iron toxicity on rice yield in Southern Senegal. The study was carried out in farmers’ fields in the area of Sindone where two sites were selected (Sites A and B). In each site, six farmers’ rice fields covering 2000 to 2500 m2 were selected: three fields with apparent iron oxide (rust) located in lowland and three fields without iron oxide located in highland. Within each of these fields, three plots with dimensions of 300 m2 were delimited and used for the experiment for a total of 18 plots (6*3). Soil cores were taken from all plots in the 0 – 10 cm horizon at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days after rice transplanting (DAT) to measure soil pH. The intensity of iron toxicity was evaluated on rice plants at different dates and rice yield was determined at harvest at 90 DAT. At 0 and 90 DAT, pH was more acidic compared to 30 and 60 DAT for all plots. Besides, in plots affected by iron oxide, pH at 0 and 90 DAT was statistically more acidic (p < 0.01) than pH in non-affected plots. In those plots, despite normal growth and tillering, it was only at 90 DAT that brown spots appeared at the tip of the oldest leaves. In plots affected by iron oxide, at 30 DAT, symptoms of iron toxicity appeared and intensified at 60 and 90 DAT; growth and tillering were reduced with many leaves becoming discolored at both sites. Rice yield decreased by at least 43% in plots affected by iron oxide for sites A and B. Amendments that will reduce soil acidity would be recommended, this will also improve rice nutrients and increase rice yield.
Abstract: Rice production in southern Senegal is mainly rain-fed and faces numerous constraints, including iron toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of iron toxicity on rice yield in Southern Senegal. The study was carried out in farmers’ fields in the area of Sindone where two sites were selected (Sites A and B). In each site, s...
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Screening Rice (Oryza sativa. L.) for Salinity Tolerance for Yield and Yield Components in Saline Stressed Environment
Andrew Abiodun Efisue,
Cynthia Chimezie Dike
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
15-21
Received:
12 January 2020
Accepted:
27 January 2020
Published:
10 February 2020
Abstract: Rice is one of the most important staple crops consumed by a large part of the human population but the issue of salinity is one of the limiting factors affecting its productivity. The objective of this study was to identify salt tolerant genotype for deployment into salt stressed regions and also for population improvement for salinity breeding programme. Material and Methods: the study was a potted experiment using 8 korean lines and UPIA1 and UPIA2 as check in a randomized complete block design with four levels of sodium chloride concentration (0, 2, 3 and 6 dS/m) replicated three times at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching and Research Farm. Result: most of the genotype showed differential response to salinity stress. Varieties like UPN 509, UPN 216, constantly showed high mean value for Leaf Area Index, 1000 grain weight, plant height and tillering ability across the salinity concentration gradient in salinity tolerance index. Principle Component 1 and 2 contributed 46.17% and 15.17% respectively of the total variation. Total grain yield showed strong positive significant correlation with plant height, grain weight per panicle leaf area index and 1000 grain weight. In conclusion, UPN 509 which showed the highest yielding capacity and UPN 216 which showed the highest tillering ability and tolerance to salinity stress at the highest concentration level maybe promising genotypes for deployment into saline stressed environment.
Abstract: Rice is one of the most important staple crops consumed by a large part of the human population but the issue of salinity is one of the limiting factors affecting its productivity. The objective of this study was to identify salt tolerant genotype for deployment into salt stressed regions and also for population improvement for salinity breeding pr...
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Effects of Phosphorus Supply on Root Morphology and Phosphorus Uptake in Maize Seedlings under Different Water Regimes
Xinying Chen,
Yanjun Gao,
Lingjun Hong,
Hongliang Tang
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
22-29
Received:
4 January 2020
Accepted:
31 January 2020
Published:
11 February 2020
Abstract: Water deficit and phosphorus (P) deficiency in soil have become the main limiting factors for the production of maize (Zea mays L.), but it still remains unclear how water and P regulate maize root morphology and P uptake. Through an experiment of potted soil culture, this study has set 4 water gradients [35% (W1), 55% (W2), 75% (W3) and 100% (W4)] of field capacity, and two P levels [high P: 205 mg (P)∙kg-1; low P: 11 mg (P)∙kg-1] to investigate the coupling effects of water and P on root growth and P uptake in maize seedlings. The results have shown that: (1) Regardless of soil P supply, the shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total root length, and root surface area of maize seedlings shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing water supply intensity; the soil available P content also shows similar trend; the root mass ratio and mean root diameter shows a downward trend with the increase of water supply intensity; furthermore, the P content and P accumulation of plants shows a steady increase with the increase of water supply intensity; (2) Water deficit (W1) and excess water supply (W4) is not conducive to root growth and dry matter accumulation in maize. Water deficit (W1) inhibits the acquisition of soil P by maize, while excess water supply (W4) causes extravagant absorption of soil P (W4). Mild water stress (W2) can promote the growth and dry matter accumulation of maize roots and reduce the extravagant absorption of soil P, and adequate water supply (W3) can promote root growth, dry matter accumulation and the absorption of soil P; (3) Phosphorus supply significantly increases the dry weight, root dry weight (except W4), total root length, root surface area, plant P content (except W4) and P accumulation of maize seedlings, but reduces the root mass ratio of maize. It is thus evident that water is a key factor controlling the morphology and accumulation of dry matter in maize roots, and P is a key factor controlling P uptake and soil available P content in corn field. The better coupling between water and P can promote maize root growth and dry matter accumulation, as well as reduce the extravagant absorption of soil P.
Abstract: Water deficit and phosphorus (P) deficiency in soil have become the main limiting factors for the production of maize (Zea mays L.), but it still remains unclear how water and P regulate maize root morphology and P uptake. Through an experiment of potted soil culture, this study has set 4 water gradients [35% (W1), 55% (W2), 75% (W3) and 100% (W4)]...
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Assessment of Adult Plant Resistance to Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp tritici) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Mutant Lines
Emmaculate Akinyi Ogutu,
Miriam Karwitha Charimbu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
30-39
Received:
28 November 2019
Accepted:
18 December 2019
Published:
14 February 2020
Abstract: Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici) is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) making it a major challenge to wheat production in Kenya as well as other wheat growing countries. Due to this, mutation breeding has been as a source of increasing variability and confers specific improvement to the Kenyan varieties without significantly altering its phenotype. The objective of this study was to determine adult plant resistance of wheat mutant lines to stem rust across three different locations. The study area was in three locations, Nakuru County (Njoro and Mau Narok) and Meru County (Timau) during 2015-2016 cropping season. Sixty three mutant lines and six checks (NJBWII, Duma and Kwale, Kingbird, Robin and Cacuke) were evaluated under field conditions with three replications in an alpha lattice (23 rows by 3 columns) design. Mean for area under disease progress curve and coefficient of infection revealed that Duma200gry (1026), Duma200gry (1124) were best disease performers. The calculated variance (Si) distinguished stable genotypes in terms of disease and yield which included Duma100gry (995) and Kwale100gry (1483), respectively. There was positive effect of dosage 400gry on the mutant lines in terms of disease, yield and 1000 kernel weight, mostly with the Duma mutant lines. The mean grain yield for the genotypes ranged from 5.5 to 14.1 t ha-1. Genotype, location and genotype by location interaction for the area under disease progress curve, coefficient of infection and yield were significant at P< 0.01 and P<0.001. There was a negative correlation displayed between yield and disease components. R-Square values revealed 0.1508 and 0.3911 of the variation in yield was contributed by the disease severity and area under disease progress curve, respectively. Considering the best lines both in disease and yield can be taken for further screening in breeding programmes.
Abstract: Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici) is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) making it a major challenge to wheat production in Kenya as well as other wheat growing countries. Due to this, mutation breeding has been as a source of increasing variability and confers specific improvement to the Kenyan varieties without signifi...
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Introduction and Cultivation of P. ostreatus and L. edodes Using Sugar Cane Bagasse, Leaves of Prosopis juliflora and Waste Paper at Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia
Belay Dinssa,
Shibiru Temesgen,
Waktola Mosisa
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
40-45
Received:
10 December 2019
Accepted:
11 February 2020
Published:
18 February 2020
Abstract: A research of introduction and cultivation of two edible mushroom; shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was conducted on three different substrates namely waste paper, leaves of Prosopis juliflora and sugarcane bagasse during 2017/18 at Chiro, Oda Bultum University to determine the effective substrate/substrate combination for cultivation of shiitake mushroom and oyster mushroom and to identify mushroom species that provides high biological efficiency. Thirteen different combinations of three substrates were used for cultivation of both mushrooms. The substrate combination were substrate one (75%SCB + 25%WP), substrate two (50%SCB + 50%WP), substrate three (25% SCB+75%WP), substrate four (75%SCB + 25%LPJ), substrate five (50%SCB + 50%LPJ), substrate six (25%SCB + 75%LPJ), substrate seven (75% WP + 25%LPJ), substrate eight (50%WP + 50%LPJ), substrate nine (25%WP + 75%LPJ), substrate ten (100% SCB), substrate eleven (100%LPJ), substrate twelve (100%WP) and substrate thirteen (33% SCB+33%WP+ 33%LPJ) replicated three times for both mushrooms. Among two varieties of edible mushroom cultivated, shiitake mushroom was not germinated, not harvested and no analysis of variance was conducted while oyster mushroom was success fully colonized the substrate, germinated, grown and harvested except for substrate six (S6), substrate nine(S9) and substrate eleven (S11) due to presence of high proportions of leaves of Prosopis juliflora. Presence of high proportions of leaves of Prosopis juliflora was affected colonization, germination and growth of oyster mushroom in comparison with the remaining other ten different substrates. On these ten substrates oyster mushroom was success fully grown, harvested and analyzed. Based on their analysis substrate thirteen, substrate four, substrate seven and substrate three were highly significant for fresh weight, dry weight and for biological efficiency. Hence they were the best substrate combination for good harvest of oyster mushroom under the study area.
Abstract: A research of introduction and cultivation of two edible mushroom; shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was conducted on three different substrates namely waste paper, leaves of Prosopis juliflora and sugarcane bagasse during 2017/18 at Chiro, Oda Bultum University to determine the effective substrate/substr...
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