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Species Richness and Nutritive Values of Fodder and Their Relationship with Soil Characteristics in Ugandan Rangelands
Christine Kyoshabire,
Sarah Kizza,
Karumuna Rollanda
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
38-43
Received:
18 July 2017
Accepted:
31 July 2017
Published:
18 May 2018
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the species richness and nutritive values of fodder and their relationship with soil characteristics in the Ugandan rangelands. The aim of the study was to determine the current status and nutritive values of fodder species and their relationship with soil characteristics. Four fodder species Panicum maximum - Guinea grass, Spartinaalterniflora - Cord grass, Hyperreniarufa -Jaragua/thatching grass and Acacia spp were selected for the study. The species were counted to determine their richness in their rangelands and also tested to establish their nutritive values. The focus on nutritive values was on CP, NDF, Ca, P and K. The research also determined the soil characteristics pH, OM, N, P and K. Results of the study show that the fodder species were below the recommended levels of species richness in the rangelands. Spartinaalterniflora (Cord grass) had the largest coverage of 109.1Km2 (22.4%) out of 486Km2 in the rangelands while Acacia had the lowest coverage of 10.2 Km2 (2.1%). All the soil characteristics were below the minimum concertration levels apart from P and there was a significant difference in soil characteristics across the different locations (P<0.05). Average pH was 6.63, OM was 0.5%, and P was 74.09ppm while K was 17cmoles/kg. The most nutritious fodder species was Panicum maximum (Guinea grass). However all the fodder species were below the recommended nutrient levels. The mean concentration level of CP in all the fodder species was8.95%, Ca was 1.29%, P was 0.4%, K was 1.59% while NDF was 29%. There was no significant difference in level of concentration across all the fodder species (P>0.05). Reduction of overstocking; growing of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass) at farm level; and rotation of animals are recommended.
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the species richness and nutritive values of fodder and their relationship with soil characteristics in the Ugandan rangelands. The aim of the study was to determine the current status and nutritive values of fodder species and their relationship with soil characteristics. Four fodder species Panicum maximum - Gui...
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Study on Map Knowledge Domains of Transgenic Maize Based on Citespace
Xin-Tong Li,
Dan-Hui Mao,
Jing-Min Cheng
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
44-49
Received:
1 April 2018
Accepted:
16 April 2018
Published:
18 May 2018
Abstract: To analyze the hotspots and trend of the study on global transgenic maize, the paper collected literature on transgenic maize from 2001 to 2018 which are included in the core journals in the database of Web science as samples and used Citespace for visual analysis of mapping knowledge domain of studies on transgenic maize, based on the bibliometric method. As a result, 3546 pieces of documents have been sifted out from 3557 pieces of documents which have been retrieved according to the search strategy, the literature are in a stable situation and show a tendency of increase. The paper analyzed the scientific knowledge graphs on co-authors analysis network, co-institutions analysis network, author co-citation analysis network, citation analysis network and keyword co-appearance network by using Citespace software. Therefore, in cluster analysis, it is found that in the study on transgenic maize, Chinese scholars and institutions hold an advantage in quantity while the citation of foreigners’literature is higher than Chinese. Besides, the focus of global research is mainly about bacillus thuringiensis, arabidopsis thaliana, protein, gene expression, transformation, resistant, etc.
Abstract: To analyze the hotspots and trend of the study on global transgenic maize, the paper collected literature on transgenic maize from 2001 to 2018 which are included in the core journals in the database of Web science as samples and used Citespace for visual analysis of mapping knowledge domain of studies on transgenic maize, based on the bibliometric...
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Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Seeding Rate in Winter Wheat
Zuliang Shi,
Fei Wang,
Xiang Li,
Jiuchen Wang,
Bao Zhe,
Renhua Sun,
Tao Jia,
Chengjun Song
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
50-59
Received:
21 April 2018
Accepted:
8 May 2018
Published:
25 May 2018
Abstract: [Objective] Wheat grain yield mainly comes from the accumulation and redistribution of the material after anthesis, the objectives of this study were to assess the contribution of pre- and post-anthesis dry matter, fertilizer nitrogen (N) and soil native N assimilation to grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). [Method] Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seeding rates (150, 225 and 300 seeds m−2) at three N rates (0, 150, 225 kg N ha−1) on accumulation and remobilization of dry matter and N from different sources, and grain yield from 2008 to 2010. The experiment sites were located in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin in China. A 15N micro-plot experiment was designed with the three seeding rates at rate of 150 and 225 kg N ha−1. [Results] The grain yield increased at higher N rate (225 kg N ha−1) and the optimum seeding rate (225 seeds m−2), and yield differences mainly depended on the number of spikes per unit area and were positively correlated with leaf area index. The higher N rate and seeding rate increased post-anthesis remobilisation amount of organic matter from leaves and stems and accumulation amount in grain that helped improve grain yield, but decreased remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized dry matter to grain yield. Both post-anthesis N accumulation and remobilization of N from the different sources increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate. For fertilizer N, remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized N to grain increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate, whereas for soil N, remobilization efficiency and contribution of N remobilization to grain N (CNRG) decreased. Fertilizer N remobilized to grain more easily than soil N, and top-dressed N remobilized to grain more easily than basal N. The correlation showed increasing remobilization of fertilizer N and post-anthesis accumulation of soil N were beneficial to improving grain yield. [Conclusion] In conclusion, for higher grain yield and nitrogen recovery, combining N fertilization at 225 kg N ha−1 with seeding rate at 225 seeds m−2 was recommended to wheat management in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin.
Abstract: [Objective] Wheat grain yield mainly comes from the accumulation and redistribution of the material after anthesis, the objectives of this study were to assess the contribution of pre- and post-anthesis dry matter, fertilizer nitrogen (N) and soil native N assimilation to grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). [Method] Field experiment...
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An Evolutionary Continuity Principle for Evolutionary System of Organism Divisions
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
60-64
Received:
18 May 2018
Accepted:
1 June 2018
Published:
25 June 2018
Abstract: Evolutionary research is guided by the scientific basis of organism evolution. To overcome the limitations of being partial and subjective in the tree of life or phylogenetic system, the authors proposed a basic principle of organism evolution, evolutionary continuity principle. Based on this principle, the evolutions can be divided into two basic forms: vertical evolution and horizontal evolution. The vertical evolution is that evolution of the structures and features of organisms from non-existent to entirety, from simple to complex, or from primitive to advanced. The evolutionary course of vertical evolution can be divided into two or three significantly different phases, such as plants: the non-vascular → the vascular, non-seed → Gymnospermophyta→ Fructophyta, and the animals: Proenteratozoa → Coelenteratozoa → Euenterata, Prochordatozoa → Chordatozoa → Vertebrognathozoa. The horizontal evolution is that evolution of structures and features from loose to compact, from inefficient to efficient, or from primitive to advanced, which can also cause significant organism changes, such as Nudembryophyta (Plantae) → Proenteratozoa (Animalia), Bacterophyla → Acytophyla. Based on the continuity principle, the new evolutionary taxonomical system of divisions was established and the evolutionary diagram was drawn. The new system includes 20 divisions in three kingdoms, and 11 of those divisions are new. These are: I. Regnum Microbia D. L. Fu: 1.Cyanoalgophyla D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov., 2. Bacterophyla D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov., 3. Acytophyla D. L. Fu, 4.Monoalgophyla D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov., 5. Monomycophyla D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov., 6.Eualgophyla D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov., 7. Fungophyla D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov.; II. Regnum Plantae L. emend. D. L. Fu: 8. Nudembryophyta D. L. Fu, 9.Bryophyta, 10. Pteridophyta, 11. Gymnospermophyta D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl.nov., 12. Fructophyta D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov.; III. Regnum Animalia L. emend. D. L. Fu: 13. Proenteratozoa D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov., 14. Coelenteratozoa, 15.Nematozoa, 16. Annelidozoa, 17. Arthropodozoa, 18. Prochordatozoa D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov., 19. Chordatozoa, 20.Vertebrognathozoa D. L. Fu & H. Fu, phyl. nov.. The new evolutionary theory, new evolutionary taxa and new evolutionary system can provide scientific bases for Evolutionomy, a new science of organism evolution.
Abstract: Evolutionary research is guided by the scientific basis of organism evolution. To overcome the limitations of being partial and subjective in the tree of life or phylogenetic system, the authors proposed a basic principle of organism evolution, evolutionary continuity principle. Based on this principle, the evolutions can be divided into two basic ...
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