Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar

Naing Kyi Win; Nyein Nyein Htwe; Cho Cho San; Kyaw Kyaw Win

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15

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Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar

Naing Kyi Win, Nyein Nyein Htwe, Cho Cho San, Kyaw Kyaw Win

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 23 January 2019 Accepted: 11 March 2019 Published: 27 March 2019

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Abstract

Hybrid rice is one of the most feasible options for increasing rice reproduction and Myanmar has area expansion under hybrid rice production. However, hybrid rice is a very new seed industry but social perceptions are not favorable. The objectives of the study were: 1) to study the characteristics of the rice collectors and their performance on purchasing of hybrid rice, 2) to identify the determinants for changing attitudes of willing to purchase by rice collectors. The study was conducted in Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar and used structured questionnaires to collect data from 61rice collectors. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Likert-type scale. This study revealed that majority 75.4% of respondents were rice brokers and 24.6% of them were miller collectors. Then, 82.0% out of respondents were male and respondents’ average age was 49 years. Next, 72.4% of rice collectors had formal education and 27.9% rice collectors possessed Bachelor degree. Besides, more than half 52.5% of rice collectors were above 10 years buying experience. Majority 91.8% of rice collectors bought above 836 tons in monsoon and over 2090 tons in summer paddy. Moreover, 63.9% of collectors received information to purchase from “hybrid rice seed companies”, less than half of respondents received information from “extension workers”, from “contract farming, from “fellow buyers” and accepted the information of “price less than local varieties”, those points were mentioned as “very important or important”. In addition, majority 82% of rice collectors stated “strongly agreed” or “agree” to the point of “need to grow hybrid rice for rice industry development”, more than half 65.5% of respondents expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “hybrid rice is more profitable than inbred rice”, 86.9%of respondents mentioned strongly agree or agree to the point of “enhancing quality of hybrid rice varieties”, 70.5% of respondents pointed out to “more milling outcome and avoid chalkiness”, 85.3% of respondents strongly agree or agree to “hybrid rice definitely advantages of outputs and export easily” and 85.2% of rice collectors expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “ I am willing to pay extra money if it is good in quality. Overall results of this study, rice collectors have desired to buy the unique paddy rice grain shape, color, chalkiness, white belly, and milling performance of grain translucency that drive the price and their decision for purchasing. This study highlighted the areas needed to improve such as establishment of a well-structured research programs to develop new consumers’ preferable hybrid rice varieties, public ICT system for agriculture, and advertising campaign persuaded by extension services and communication channels, marketing system and quality seed control system.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15
Page(s)	28-35
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Attitude, Rice Collectors, Purchasing, Hybrid Rice

References

[1]	DOA; Statistical Year Books, Rice Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar; 2017.
[2]	IRRI; Rice: The pulse of life in Myanmar. Rice Today, International Rice Research Institute, 16 (2), 14; (2017).
[3]	G. Denning, K., Baroang and T. M. Sandar, Rice Productivity Improvement in Myanmar, Background Paper No. 2, USAID with Michigan State University (MSU) and MDRI, 2013.
[4]	IRRI; Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual, HR2-01. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines; 1997.
[5]	DOA; Annual Report of Statistic Year Book, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, (MOAI) Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar; 2015.
[6]	N. M. Aung; Production and Economic Efficiency of Farmers and Millers in Myanmar Rice Industry. V. R. F series, No 471. Institute of Developing Economics Japan External Trade Organization; 2012.
[7]	MRF; Myanmar Rice Federation. http: //myanmarricefederation. org/ content/about-Myanmar-rice-federation-mrf; 2014.
[8]	C., R. Hazra (2001). “Status of hybrid rice development in India”. Part three: Countries’ experiences in hybrid rice. Proceedings of the workshop on policy support for rapid adoption of hybrid rice on large-scale production in Asia Hanoi, Viet Nam, 22-23 May 2001. Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations Rome, 2002.
[9]	M. J. Smith (1982) Persuasion and human action. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
[10]	P. Smith, and T. J. Ragan (1999). Instructional design. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
[11]	DOA; Statistical Year Books, Rice Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar; 2012.
[12]	M. Hogg, and G. Vaughan, (2005). Social Psychology (4th edition).London: Prentice-Hall.
[13]	S. A. McLeod, (2018). Attitudes and behavior. Retrieved from https: //www.Simplypsychology.org/attitudes.html.
[14]	D. Katz (1960). Public opinion quarterly, 24, 163 - 204.
[15]	Likert, R. “A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. ” Archives of Psychology 22 (140): 55. 1932.
[16]	G. A. S. Ginigaddara, J. P. S. N. Madushika, A. M. K. R. Bandara, and S. P. Dissanayaka, (2017). Purchasing decision making and consumer preference for traditional rice in Sri Lanka: A case study in Kegalle district, international Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, Vol. 2 Issue 4, Apr 2017.
[17]	David J. Spielman, Deepthi E. Kolady and Patrick S. Ward “The prospects for hybrid rice in India” Food Sec. DOI 10. 1007/s12571-013-0291-7. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology 2013.
[18]	A. Uddin (2004). “Hybrid rice development in Bangladesh, Country reports”. Hybrid Rice Development in Asia: Assessment of Limitation and Potential, Proceeding of Expert Consultation organized by The Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAORAP) And the Asia Pacific Seed Association (APSA) 2-3 July 2014.
[19]	M. Akhter, M. Riaz, M. Sabar, Z. Haider, and T. Latif (2004). “Hybrid rice development in Pakistan. Country reports”. Hybrid Rice Development in Asia: Assessment of Limitation and Potential, Proceeding of Expert Consultation organized by The Regional Office for Asia and the Pacificof the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAORAP) And the Asia Pacific Seed Association (APSA) 2-3 July 2014.
[20]	K. JothiSivagnanam,; Spread of New Varieties of Hybrid Rice and its Impact on the Overall Production and Productivity in Tamil Nadu, Agro Economic Research Centre University of Madras, Chennai 600005, AERC Research Study No: 153; 2014.

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APA Style

Naing Kyi Win, Nyein Nyein Htwe, Cho Cho San, Kyaw Kyaw Win. (2019). Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 7(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15

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ACS Style

Naing Kyi Win; Nyein Nyein Htwe; Cho Cho San; Kyaw Kyaw Win. Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar. Am. J. Agric. For. 2019, 7(1), 28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15

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AMA Style

Naing Kyi Win, Nyein Nyein Htwe, Cho Cho San, Kyaw Kyaw Win. Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar. Am J Agric For. 2019;7(1):28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15,
  author = {Naing Kyi Win and Nyein Nyein Htwe and Cho Cho San and Kyaw Kyaw Win},
  title = {Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20190701.15},
  abstract = {Hybrid rice is one of the most feasible options for increasing rice reproduction and Myanmar has area expansion under hybrid rice production. However, hybrid rice is a very new seed industry but social perceptions are not favorable. The objectives of the study were: 1) to study the characteristics of the rice collectors and their performance on purchasing of hybrid rice, 2) to identify the determinants for changing attitudes of willing to purchase by rice collectors. The study was conducted in Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar and used structured questionnaires to collect data from 61rice collectors. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Likert-type scale. This study revealed that majority 75.4% of respondents were rice brokers and 24.6% of them were miller collectors. Then, 82.0% out of respondents were male and respondents’ average age was 49 years. Next, 72.4% of rice collectors had formal education and 27.9% rice collectors possessed Bachelor degree. Besides, more than half 52.5% of rice collectors were above 10 years buying experience. Majority 91.8% of rice collectors bought above 836 tons in monsoon and over 2090 tons in summer paddy. Moreover, 63.9% of collectors received information to purchase from “hybrid rice seed companies”, less than half of respondents received information from “extension workers”, from “contract farming, from “fellow buyers” and accepted the information of “price less than local varieties”, those points were mentioned as “very important or important”. In addition, majority 82% of rice collectors stated “strongly agreed” or “agree” to the point of “need to grow hybrid rice for rice industry development”, more than half 65.5% of respondents expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “hybrid rice is more profitable than inbred rice”, 86.9%of respondents mentioned strongly agree or agree to the point of “enhancing quality of hybrid rice varieties”, 70.5% of respondents pointed out to “more milling outcome and avoid chalkiness”, 85.3% of respondents strongly agree or agree to “hybrid rice definitely advantages of outputs and export easily” and 85.2% of rice collectors expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “ I am willing to pay extra money if it is good in quality. Overall results of this study, rice collectors have desired to buy the unique paddy rice grain shape, color, chalkiness, white belly, and milling performance of grain translucency that drive the price and their decision for purchasing. This study highlighted the areas needed to improve such as establishment of a well-structured research programs to develop new consumers’ preferable hybrid rice varieties, public ICT system for agriculture, and advertising campaign persuaded by extension services and communication channels, marketing system and quality seed control system.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar
AU  - Naing Kyi Win
AU  - Nyein Nyein Htwe
AU  - Cho Cho San
AU  - Kyaw Kyaw Win
Y1  - 2019/03/27
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 28
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15
AB  - Hybrid rice is one of the most feasible options for increasing rice reproduction and Myanmar has area expansion under hybrid rice production. However, hybrid rice is a very new seed industry but social perceptions are not favorable. The objectives of the study were: 1) to study the characteristics of the rice collectors and their performance on purchasing of hybrid rice, 2) to identify the determinants for changing attitudes of willing to purchase by rice collectors. The study was conducted in Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar and used structured questionnaires to collect data from 61rice collectors. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Likert-type scale. This study revealed that majority 75.4% of respondents were rice brokers and 24.6% of them were miller collectors. Then, 82.0% out of respondents were male and respondents’ average age was 49 years. Next, 72.4% of rice collectors had formal education and 27.9% rice collectors possessed Bachelor degree. Besides, more than half 52.5% of rice collectors were above 10 years buying experience. Majority 91.8% of rice collectors bought above 836 tons in monsoon and over 2090 tons in summer paddy. Moreover, 63.9% of collectors received information to purchase from “hybrid rice seed companies”, less than half of respondents received information from “extension workers”, from “contract farming, from “fellow buyers” and accepted the information of “price less than local varieties”, those points were mentioned as “very important or important”. In addition, majority 82% of rice collectors stated “strongly agreed” or “agree” to the point of “need to grow hybrid rice for rice industry development”, more than half 65.5% of respondents expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “hybrid rice is more profitable than inbred rice”, 86.9%of respondents mentioned strongly agree or agree to the point of “enhancing quality of hybrid rice varieties”, 70.5% of respondents pointed out to “more milling outcome and avoid chalkiness”, 85.3% of respondents strongly agree or agree to “hybrid rice definitely advantages of outputs and export easily” and 85.2% of rice collectors expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “ I am willing to pay extra money if it is good in quality. Overall results of this study, rice collectors have desired to buy the unique paddy rice grain shape, color, chalkiness, white belly, and milling performance of grain translucency that drive the price and their decision for purchasing. This study highlighted the areas needed to improve such as establishment of a well-structured research programs to develop new consumers’ preferable hybrid rice varieties, public ICT system for agriculture, and advertising campaign persuaded by extension services and communication channels, marketing system and quality seed control system.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Naing Kyi Win

Department of Agronomy, Yezin Agricultural University, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
Nyein Nyein Htwe

Department of Agricultural Extension, Yezin Agricultural University, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
Cho Cho San

Department of Agricultural Economics, Yezin Agricultural University, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
Kyaw Kyaw Win

Yezin Agricultural University, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Naing Kyi Win, Nyein Nyein Htwe, Cho Cho San, Kyaw Kyaw Win. (2019). Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 7(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15

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ACS Style

Naing Kyi Win; Nyein Nyein Htwe; Cho Cho San; Kyaw Kyaw Win. Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar. Am. J. Agric. For. 2019, 7(1), 28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15

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AMA Style

Naing Kyi Win, Nyein Nyein Htwe, Cho Cho San, Kyaw Kyaw Win. Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar. Am J Agric For. 2019;7(1):28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15,
  author = {Naing Kyi Win and Nyein Nyein Htwe and Cho Cho San and Kyaw Kyaw Win},
  title = {Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20190701.15},
  abstract = {Hybrid rice is one of the most feasible options for increasing rice reproduction and Myanmar has area expansion under hybrid rice production. However, hybrid rice is a very new seed industry but social perceptions are not favorable. The objectives of the study were: 1) to study the characteristics of the rice collectors and their performance on purchasing of hybrid rice, 2) to identify the determinants for changing attitudes of willing to purchase by rice collectors. The study was conducted in Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar and used structured questionnaires to collect data from 61rice collectors. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Likert-type scale. This study revealed that majority 75.4% of respondents were rice brokers and 24.6% of them were miller collectors. Then, 82.0% out of respondents were male and respondents’ average age was 49 years. Next, 72.4% of rice collectors had formal education and 27.9% rice collectors possessed Bachelor degree. Besides, more than half 52.5% of rice collectors were above 10 years buying experience. Majority 91.8% of rice collectors bought above 836 tons in monsoon and over 2090 tons in summer paddy. Moreover, 63.9% of collectors received information to purchase from “hybrid rice seed companies”, less than half of respondents received information from “extension workers”, from “contract farming, from “fellow buyers” and accepted the information of “price less than local varieties”, those points were mentioned as “very important or important”. In addition, majority 82% of rice collectors stated “strongly agreed” or “agree” to the point of “need to grow hybrid rice for rice industry development”, more than half 65.5% of respondents expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “hybrid rice is more profitable than inbred rice”, 86.9%of respondents mentioned strongly agree or agree to the point of “enhancing quality of hybrid rice varieties”, 70.5% of respondents pointed out to “more milling outcome and avoid chalkiness”, 85.3% of respondents strongly agree or agree to “hybrid rice definitely advantages of outputs and export easily” and 85.2% of rice collectors expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “ I am willing to pay extra money if it is good in quality. Overall results of this study, rice collectors have desired to buy the unique paddy rice grain shape, color, chalkiness, white belly, and milling performance of grain translucency that drive the price and their decision for purchasing. This study highlighted the areas needed to improve such as establishment of a well-structured research programs to develop new consumers’ preferable hybrid rice varieties, public ICT system for agriculture, and advertising campaign persuaded by extension services and communication channels, marketing system and quality seed control system.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Rice Collectors’ Attitude Towards Purchasing of Hybrid Rice in Myanmar
AU  - Naing Kyi Win
AU  - Nyein Nyein Htwe
AU  - Cho Cho San
AU  - Kyaw Kyaw Win
Y1  - 2019/03/27
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 28
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190701.15
AB  - Hybrid rice is one of the most feasible options for increasing rice reproduction and Myanmar has area expansion under hybrid rice production. However, hybrid rice is a very new seed industry but social perceptions are not favorable. The objectives of the study were: 1) to study the characteristics of the rice collectors and their performance on purchasing of hybrid rice, 2) to identify the determinants for changing attitudes of willing to purchase by rice collectors. The study was conducted in Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar and used structured questionnaires to collect data from 61rice collectors. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Likert-type scale. This study revealed that majority 75.4% of respondents were rice brokers and 24.6% of them were miller collectors. Then, 82.0% out of respondents were male and respondents’ average age was 49 years. Next, 72.4% of rice collectors had formal education and 27.9% rice collectors possessed Bachelor degree. Besides, more than half 52.5% of rice collectors were above 10 years buying experience. Majority 91.8% of rice collectors bought above 836 tons in monsoon and over 2090 tons in summer paddy. Moreover, 63.9% of collectors received information to purchase from “hybrid rice seed companies”, less than half of respondents received information from “extension workers”, from “contract farming, from “fellow buyers” and accepted the information of “price less than local varieties”, those points were mentioned as “very important or important”. In addition, majority 82% of rice collectors stated “strongly agreed” or “agree” to the point of “need to grow hybrid rice for rice industry development”, more than half 65.5% of respondents expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “hybrid rice is more profitable than inbred rice”, 86.9%of respondents mentioned strongly agree or agree to the point of “enhancing quality of hybrid rice varieties”, 70.5% of respondents pointed out to “more milling outcome and avoid chalkiness”, 85.3% of respondents strongly agree or agree to “hybrid rice definitely advantages of outputs and export easily” and 85.2% of rice collectors expressed strongly agree or agree to the point of “ I am willing to pay extra money if it is good in quality. Overall results of this study, rice collectors have desired to buy the unique paddy rice grain shape, color, chalkiness, white belly, and milling performance of grain translucency that drive the price and their decision for purchasing. This study highlighted the areas needed to improve such as establishment of a well-structured research programs to develop new consumers’ preferable hybrid rice varieties, public ICT system for agriculture, and advertising campaign persuaded by extension services and communication channels, marketing system and quality seed control system.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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