Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with <i>Phytophthora megakarya</i> and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid

Simo Claude; Minyaka Emile; Tassong Saah Denis; Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine; Djocgoue Pierre François; Taffouo Victor Desire

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11

Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid

Simo Claude, Minyaka Emile, Tassong Saah Denis, Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine, Djocgoue Pierre François, Taffouo Victor Desire

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 31 March 2019 Accepted: 7 May 2019 Published: 29 May 2019

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Abstract

In order to protect cacao against Phytophthora megakarya, the most aggressive pathogen of this plant in Cameroon, a study was carried out on hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) to investigate the effect of inoculation of the biofertilizers Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata on the phenolic compound content in hybrid genotypes after leaf infection with Phytophthora megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid (SA). Thus, the phenolic compound content of hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of T. cacao was evaluated after artificial infection of leaves with P. megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid without control and under control of biofertilizers. The artificial infection of P. megakarya and exogenous application of salicylic acid resulted in an increase in the accumulation of phenolic compounds (PC) in all genotypes. This increase was more important under the control of Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata and varied from one genotype to another. The PC content analysis map of these genotypes at different treatment conditions under the control of biofertilizers showed a gradual evolution of black coloration, a sign of the increase in phenolic compound content related to concentrations of salicylic acid and infected leaves in all hybrid genotypes thus expressing high tolerance. This map allowed to classify hybrid genotypes according to their level of tolerance. A negative and significant correlation (P = 0.05) was observed between the development of necrosis and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on one hand and between salicylic acid and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on the other hand. Salicylic acid can therefore be used in the cacao selection program in the absence of the pathogen for the identification of hybrid cacao genotypes as well as in other similar breeding programs.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11
Page(s)	84-94
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Theobroma cacao, Phytophthora megakarya, Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora tuberculata, Tolerance, Salicylic Acid, Phenolic Compound

References

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Simo Claude, Minyaka Emile, Tassong Saah Denis, Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine, Djocgoue Pierre François, et al. (2019). Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 7(3), 84-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11

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ACS Style

Simo Claude; Minyaka Emile; Tassong Saah Denis; Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine; Djocgoue Pierre François, et al. Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid. Am. J. Agric. For. 2019, 7(3), 84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11

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Simo Claude, Minyaka Emile, Tassong Saah Denis, Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine, Djocgoue Pierre François, et al. Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid. Am J Agric For. 2019;7(3):84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11,
  author = {Simo Claude and Minyaka Emile and Tassong Saah Denis and Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine and Djocgoue Pierre François and Taffouo Victor Desire},
  title = {Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {84-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20190703.11},
  abstract = {In order to protect cacao against Phytophthora megakarya, the most aggressive pathogen of this plant in Cameroon, a study was carried out on hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) to investigate the effect of inoculation of the biofertilizers Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata on the phenolic compound content in hybrid genotypes after leaf infection with Phytophthora megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid (SA). Thus, the phenolic compound content of hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of T. cacao was evaluated after artificial infection of leaves with P. megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid without control and under control of biofertilizers. The artificial infection of P. megakarya and exogenous application of salicylic acid resulted in an increase in the accumulation of phenolic compounds (PC) in all genotypes. This increase was more important under the control of Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata and varied from one genotype to another. The PC content analysis map of these genotypes at different treatment conditions under the control of biofertilizers showed a gradual evolution of black coloration, a sign of the increase in phenolic compound content related to concentrations of salicylic acid and infected leaves in all hybrid genotypes thus expressing high tolerance. This map allowed to classify hybrid genotypes according to their level of tolerance. A negative and significant correlation (P = 0.05) was observed between the development of necrosis and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on one hand and between salicylic acid and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on the other hand. Salicylic acid can therefore be used in the cacao selection program in the absence of the pathogen for the identification of hybrid cacao genotypes as well as in other similar breeding programs.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid
AU  - Simo Claude
AU  - Minyaka Emile
AU  - Tassong Saah Denis
AU  - Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine
AU  - Djocgoue Pierre François
AU  - Taffouo Victor Desire
Y1  - 2019/05/29
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 84
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11
AB  - In order to protect cacao against Phytophthora megakarya, the most aggressive pathogen of this plant in Cameroon, a study was carried out on hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) to investigate the effect of inoculation of the biofertilizers Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata on the phenolic compound content in hybrid genotypes after leaf infection with Phytophthora megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid (SA). Thus, the phenolic compound content of hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of T. cacao was evaluated after artificial infection of leaves with P. megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid without control and under control of biofertilizers. The artificial infection of P. megakarya and exogenous application of salicylic acid resulted in an increase in the accumulation of phenolic compounds (PC) in all genotypes. This increase was more important under the control of Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata and varied from one genotype to another. The PC content analysis map of these genotypes at different treatment conditions under the control of biofertilizers showed a gradual evolution of black coloration, a sign of the increase in phenolic compound content related to concentrations of salicylic acid and infected leaves in all hybrid genotypes thus expressing high tolerance. This map allowed to classify hybrid genotypes according to their level of tolerance. A negative and significant correlation (P = 0.05) was observed between the development of necrosis and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on one hand and between salicylic acid and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on the other hand. Salicylic acid can therefore be used in the cacao selection program in the absence of the pathogen for the identification of hybrid cacao genotypes as well as in other similar breeding programs.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Simo Claude

Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Minyaka Emile

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Tassong Saah Denis

Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine

Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Djocgoue Pierre François
Taffouo Victor Desire

Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

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Simo Claude, Minyaka Emile, Tassong Saah Denis, Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine, Djocgoue Pierre François, et al. (2019). Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 7(3), 84-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11

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ACS Style

Simo Claude; Minyaka Emile; Tassong Saah Denis; Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine; Djocgoue Pierre François, et al. Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid. Am. J. Agric. For. 2019, 7(3), 84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11

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AMA Style

Simo Claude, Minyaka Emile, Tassong Saah Denis, Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine, Djocgoue Pierre François, et al. Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid. Am J Agric For. 2019;7(3):84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11,
  author = {Simo Claude and Minyaka Emile and Tassong Saah Denis and Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine and Djocgoue Pierre François and Taffouo Victor Desire},
  title = {Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {84-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20190703.11},
  abstract = {In order to protect cacao against Phytophthora megakarya, the most aggressive pathogen of this plant in Cameroon, a study was carried out on hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) to investigate the effect of inoculation of the biofertilizers Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata on the phenolic compound content in hybrid genotypes after leaf infection with Phytophthora megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid (SA). Thus, the phenolic compound content of hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of T. cacao was evaluated after artificial infection of leaves with P. megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid without control and under control of biofertilizers. The artificial infection of P. megakarya and exogenous application of salicylic acid resulted in an increase in the accumulation of phenolic compounds (PC) in all genotypes. This increase was more important under the control of Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata and varied from one genotype to another. The PC content analysis map of these genotypes at different treatment conditions under the control of biofertilizers showed a gradual evolution of black coloration, a sign of the increase in phenolic compound content related to concentrations of salicylic acid and infected leaves in all hybrid genotypes thus expressing high tolerance. This map allowed to classify hybrid genotypes according to their level of tolerance. A negative and significant correlation (P = 0.05) was observed between the development of necrosis and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on one hand and between salicylic acid and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on the other hand. Salicylic acid can therefore be used in the cacao selection program in the absence of the pathogen for the identification of hybrid cacao genotypes as well as in other similar breeding programs.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Biofertilizers on the Phenolic Content in a Hybrid Family of Cacao After Leaf Infection with Phytophthora megakarya and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid
AU  - Simo Claude
AU  - Minyaka Emile
AU  - Tassong Saah Denis
AU  - Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine
AU  - Djocgoue Pierre François
AU  - Taffouo Victor Desire
Y1  - 2019/05/29
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 84
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190703.11
AB  - In order to protect cacao against Phytophthora megakarya, the most aggressive pathogen of this plant in Cameroon, a study was carried out on hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) to investigate the effect of inoculation of the biofertilizers Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata on the phenolic compound content in hybrid genotypes after leaf infection with Phytophthora megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid (SA). Thus, the phenolic compound content of hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of T. cacao was evaluated after artificial infection of leaves with P. megakarya and treatment of salicylic acid without control and under control of biofertilizers. The artificial infection of P. megakarya and exogenous application of salicylic acid resulted in an increase in the accumulation of phenolic compounds (PC) in all genotypes. This increase was more important under the control of Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata and varied from one genotype to another. The PC content analysis map of these genotypes at different treatment conditions under the control of biofertilizers showed a gradual evolution of black coloration, a sign of the increase in phenolic compound content related to concentrations of salicylic acid and infected leaves in all hybrid genotypes thus expressing high tolerance. This map allowed to classify hybrid genotypes according to their level of tolerance. A negative and significant correlation (P = 0.05) was observed between the development of necrosis and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on one hand and between salicylic acid and the accumulation of phenolic compounds on the other hand. Salicylic acid can therefore be used in the cacao selection program in the absence of the pathogen for the identification of hybrid cacao genotypes as well as in other similar breeding programs.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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