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Effects of Planting Depth on Germination and Growth of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) at Fitche, Oromia National Regional State, Central Ethiopia
Endalkachew Baye,
Zebiba Ebirahim,
Naol Kasahun,
Nebiyat Wasyihun,
Kebede Siyum,
Dinknesh Yachiso,
Zenash Tiruneh,
Bosena Fekadu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
58-63
Received:
3 February 2020
Accepted:
13 April 2020
Published:
28 May 2020
Abstract: The depth of sowing is important in maximizing the potential of seedling emergence and crop growth. Too shallow sowing results in poor germination due to inadequate soil moisture at the top soil layer. On the other hand, deep sowing can also significantly reduce crop emergence and growth. It would create the emergence seedling had less performance and productive which means when it is too deep is not able lift its cotyledon above the soil, soil born diseases and insects have damage their seedling. These factors limit the crop yield potential right from the starting of the growing. An important objective of seeding for improved crop performance is putting seeds at a desired depth. Seeds should be sown at a depth that increases the likelihood of germination, emergence and improved growth. Thus, this study examined the effect of different sowing depths on germination and growth faba bean (Gorra variety) at Fitche, central Ethiopia. A randomized complete block design arrangement with three replications was used for the experiment. The treatments consisted of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 cm sowing depths. Analysis of variance showed significant effect of depth of sowing on Gorra faba bean variety germination and growth. Sowing at a depth of 8 cm showed better germination percentage, fast emergence and produced the tallest plant having the highest number of leaves per plant. 12 cm sowing depth (i.e. the deepest sowing depth) showed poor germination percentage (65.7%), late emergence (7 days) and gave the shortest plant (13.53 cm) with the lowest number of leaves per plant (21). Therefore, better germination, emergence and improved growth, Gorra faba bean variety should be sown at a depth of 8 cm.
Abstract: The depth of sowing is important in maximizing the potential of seedling emergence and crop growth. Too shallow sowing results in poor germination due to inadequate soil moisture at the top soil layer. On the other hand, deep sowing can also significantly reduce crop emergence and growth. It would create the emergence seedling had less performance ...
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Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 Corn Suitability Rating for Southern Highland Zone of Tanzania - A Feasibility Assessment at the TARI-Uyole, Mbeya, Tanzania
Johnson Godlove Mtama,
Charles Lee Burras,
Balthazar Michael Msanya
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
64-68
Received:
25 November 2019
Accepted:
23 December 2019
Published:
4 June 2020
Abstract: Corn productivity indices (CSR2T) for representative soils in the Southern Highland Zone of Tanzania were developed. The approaches used were derived from Iowa State University’s CSR2. Consistent with ISU, index points were applied to the pedon based on the USDA Soil Taxonomy subgroup, family particle size class, and available water holding capacity, solum depth and resilience to degradation characterizations. Additional index points were applied based on field conditions especially slope, erosion history and flooding or ponding risk in order to determine the inherent productivity potential of the soils in the work sites. The results were used to develop the Corn Suitability Rating in Tanzania (CSR2T) for the soil settings of Southern Highlands. Sites’ characterization results were linked with the maize field experimental results from 2003 to 2016 to determine the inherent corn productivity indices for the sites. The soils were found to have CSR2T values of 72, 56, 62 and 48 for Uyole, Mbimba, Inyala and Seatondale farms, respectively. The soils of Seatondale were observed to be more limited by water holding capacity. However, generally the study soils are observed to have good pedogenic potential for corn productivity and very minimal pedogenic limitations for corn productivity. The most serious limitation seems to be low water holding capacity.
Abstract: Corn productivity indices (CSR2T) for representative soils in the Southern Highland Zone of Tanzania were developed. The approaches used were derived from Iowa State University’s CSR2. Consistent with ISU, index points were applied to the pedon based on the USDA Soil Taxonomy subgroup, family particle size class, and available water holding capacit...
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Mineral Fertilizer Microdosing Alone or Combined with Urea on Maize and According to the Soil Chemical Elements Variation (Thies, Senegal)
Rabi Housseini Malam Laminou,
Saliou Ndiaye,
Djibril Diallo,
Aliou Badara Dieye,
Mariama Dalanda Diallo,
Aliou Guisse
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
69-76
Received:
18 May 2020
Accepted:
1 June 2020
Published:
8 June 2020
Abstract: Mineral fertilizer microdosing is a technique developed not only to compensate for the low availability of mineral fertilizers but also to optimize their removal by the crop. A microdose experiment on a maize crop (rainfed) was conducted at The Center for Application of Agricultural Techniques (CATA) of the National School of Agriculture of Thies (ENSA). The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of 15-15-15 (NPK) mineral fertilzer microdosing on maize production and on the variation of soil chemical elements. The experimental set-up was a Split plot with three replicates. An absolute control, one extension dose and six microdoses derived from the combination of three doses of 15-15-15 (NPK) mineral fertilizer (2 g, 3 g and 4 g per pot) and two doses of urea (U) (0 g and 2 g per pot) were tested on Sooror and Gwana maize varieties. The parameters studied were growth, yields, yield components and soil nutrients content. The results obtained show that the microdose had significant or very highly significant effects depending on the treatments on maize production. Fertilizer doses combining NPK and urea (NPKU) by microdose increased maize production compared to the control and extension dose. At the NPK3U dose, the microdose increased grain yield by 132% to 36% compared to the control and extension dose, respectively. Compared to the control, soil pH decreased at all doses. All treatments resulted in a decrease in soil nitrogen content, except for the NPK4U rate. Soil phosphorus and potassium levels showed positive rates of change compared to the control. The NPK2U treatment, which had comparable grain yield to the NPK3U treatment and an acceptability index of 1.8, is most recommended.
Abstract: Mineral fertilizer microdosing is a technique developed not only to compensate for the low availability of mineral fertilizers but also to optimize their removal by the crop. A microdose experiment on a maize crop (rainfed) was conducted at The Center for Application of Agricultural Techniques (CATA) of the National School of Agriculture of Thies (...
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Biodiversity and Plant Growth Promoting Potential of Bacteria from Soybean Rhizosphere of Saline Soil
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
77-80
Received:
5 April 2020
Accepted:
24 April 2020
Published:
12 June 2020
Abstract: PGPR are root-associated bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with many plants. These are the Bacteria that colonize plant roots and promote plant growth are referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR are highly diverse and are important in plant growth promotion and increase in yield of crops. Almost all of the PGPR bacteria produce phytohormones, some fixes atmospheric nitrogen, some solublizes the phosphates and some resist phytopathogens by production of siderophores. An understanding of microbial diversity is important in agricultural contest, it is important and useful to know soil quality in terms of PGPR bacteria which is helpful for taking measures for soil management and increased plant productivity. It is also important to understand the relationship of soil and plants with the diversity of associated bacteria for their better exploitation. Therefore, it is important to know the soil micro flora and their diversity. Most of the rhizospheric bacterial diversity from normal soil have been studied and organisms explored for their use as bioinoculents. However, saline soil rhizospheric microfloras remain unexplored. By considering this, in the present study fifty two bacterial isolates including PGPR have been isolated from saline soil of Kolhapur district of southern Maharashtra, India. Isolates were identified up to genus and species level. Few isolates were studied their nitrogen fixing and phosphate solublizing activity. Present study showed that amongst nitrogen fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum found to be most dominant and Bacillus megaterium was found to be most dominant phosphate solublizer. Study indicated the importance of these organism as bioinoculents for saline soil and can be explored for biofertilizer production.
Abstract: PGPR are root-associated bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with many plants. These are the Bacteria that colonize plant roots and promote plant growth are referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR are highly diverse and are important in plant growth promotion and increase in yield of crops. Almost all of the PGPR bac...
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Evaluation of the Smallholder Farmers’ Perception and Acceptance for Push-Pull Technology in Western Hararghe Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Abebe Teshome,
Belay Roba
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
81-90
Received:
12 August 2019
Accepted:
6 September 2019
Published:
17 June 2020
Abstract: Cereal crops play an important role in ensuring food security in Africa and providing cash income for most households in the rural areas. In the last two decades, African region has been experiencing a significant decline in per capita food production in which the cereals explaining most of the observed variance in total food production. The decline in cereal production causes food self insufficiency and exposes the smallholder farmers and rural communities as whole to food shortage and famines. Striga weed and stem borers were among the major pests that contribute to the significant decline in cereals production in Ethiopia. In response to these challenges the Agricultural research Institutes both at national and international level has come up with various control strategies. Among these, Push-Pull technology was one of the strategies to cope the significant decline in cereals production. The Technology has been one of the most successful methods and with an advantage of controlling both the stem borers and striga weed simultaneously, while improving soil fertility status. The technology provides an integrated soil and pest management that makes an efficient use of natural resource to increase farm productivity. Even though the result from on farm research experiments and pre-extension demonstration revealed the positive effect of the push pull technology in improving production and productivity of cereal crops in different parts of Ethiopia (Boset, Mieso, Habro and Daro Labu), perception and acceptance of the wider smallholder farmers for the technology was not evaluated. Hence, this study was intended to analyze perception and acceptance of the smallholder farmers for the push pull technology in Habro and Daro Labu districts of western hararghe zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Ten kebeles and 81 farmers implementing the push-pull technology were purposively selected and interviewed using structured questionnaire. Both primary and secondary data used to attain the research objectives. The structured questionnaire was a primary data collection tool. Collected primary data analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Science software (SPSS). From the total sample farm households, about 77.8% of them were fully agree and 9% of them were agree with the idea that push-pull technology is efficient in controlling stem borer and improve the production and productivity of the cereals (maize and sorghum) in the study area. Smallholder farmers perceive benefits of the push pull technology through its role in improving the cereal yield by improving soil fertility, maintaining soil moisture, reducing soil erosion and the negative effect of striga.
Abstract: Cereal crops play an important role in ensuring food security in Africa and providing cash income for most households in the rural areas. In the last two decades, African region has been experiencing a significant decline in per capita food production in which the cereals explaining most of the observed variance in total food production. The declin...
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